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Biology Unit 3 Warm Ups

Biology Unit 3 Warm Ups. Mrs. Hilliard. Reproduction Quiz Review. What are gametes? Mitosis is what type of reproduction ? What type of reproduction produces gametes? What type of reproduction produces offspring that are different from parents?

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Biology Unit 3 Warm Ups

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  1. Biology Unit 3 Warm Ups Mrs. Hilliard

  2. Reproduction Quiz Review • What are gametes? • Mitosis is what type of reproduction? • What type of reproduction produces gametes? • What type of reproduction produces offspring that are different from parents? • What type of reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parents? • What type of reproduction occurs in your body cells? • In this type of reproduction, mutations leads to genetic variation. • How many parents are required for asexual reproduction? • This type of reproduction is fast, easy, and allows the population to grow quickly. • In what type of reproduction do the parent cells donate half their genetic information? • This type of reproduction increases the genetic variation in a population.

  3. Reproduction Quiz Review • What are gametes? Sex Chromosomes • Mitosis is what type of reproduction? Asexual • What type of reproduction produces gametes? Sexual • What type of reproduction produces offspring that are different from parents? Sexual • What type of reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parents? Asexual • What type of reproduction occurs in your body cells? Asexual • In this type of reproduction, mutations leads to genetic variation. Sexual • How many parents are required for asexual reproduction? 1 • This type of reproduction is fast, easy, and allows the population to grow quickly. Asexual • In what type of reproduction do the parent cells donate half their genetic information? Sexual • This type of reproduction increases the genetic variation in a population. Sexual

  4. Reproduction Warm Up • What are the stages of Meiosis? • What types of cells undergo Mitosis? Meiosis? • What types of organisms reproduce asexually? • What is an advantage of reproducing asexually? Sexually?

  5. Reproduction Answers • What are the stages of Meiosis? • Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase1, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase2, 2. What types of cells undergo Mitosis? Meiosis? • Mitosis- all cells other than gametes in humans (asexual reproduction) • Meiosis- sex cells (gametes) for sexually reproducing organisms 3. What types of organisms reproduce asexually? • Bacteria, Fungi, some plants 4. What is an advantage of reproducing asexually? Sexually? • Asexually- fast and easy • Sexually- genetic diversity (differences/mutations)

  6. Reproduction Warm Up • Where are genes located? • How many daughter cells are produced at the end of Mitosis? Meiosis? • How many chromosomes are found in the daughter cells at the end of Mitosis? Meiosis? • When does your body undergo asexual reproduction?

  7. Reproduction Answers • Where are genes located? • On the Chromosomes, sections of DNA make up the gene 2. How many daughter cells are produced at the end of Mitosis? Meiosis? • Mitosis- Two 2n (diploid) cells, Meiosis- Four 1n (haploid) cells 3. How many human chromosomes are found in the daughter cells at the end of Mitosis? Meiosis? • Mitosis- 46 chromosomes (Same as original), Meiosis- 23 chromosomes (half the original #) 4. When does your body undergo asexual reproduction? • Growth, healing, Cell Maintenance/repair

  8. Vocabulary Words for Quiz Monday- Place each word on notecard or paper separated into 8 sections, write definition on back of notecard • Asexual Reproduction • Sexual Reproduction • Diploid • Haploid • Mitosis • Meiosis • Binary Fission • Chromosome • Sister Chromatids-2 identical copies of a chromatid that contains same genes and alleles (both strands of a chromosome) • Recessive • Dominant • Phenotype • Genotype • Allele • Homozygous • Heterozygous • Independent assortment • Segregation- separation of chromosomes and alleles • Genetic Variation- the variety of genes within a species. • Clone • Homologous Pair (chromosome) • Crossing Over • Codominance • Incomplete Dominance

  9. Test Review Questions • Which of the following mutations could be passed on to the offspring? • When are we going to see species change (evolve) into new species? • Large changes in the environment can cause organisms that reproduce asexually to do what? • What happens when the chromosomes do not separate during meiosis?

  10. Answers • Which of the following mutations could be passed on to the offspring? • Gametes Only • When are we going to see species change (evolve) into new species? • Large changes in the environment, when species are isolated from one another 3. Large changes in the environment can cause organisms that reproduce asexually to do what? • Die off, become extinct as they have no genetic diversity (all the same). 4. What happens when the chromosomes do not separate during meiosis? • A mutation can occur, causing one gamete to have an extra copy of the chromosome (3 chromosomes instead of 2) and one gamete to have one less chromosome (1 chromosome instead of 2)

  11. Heredity Use the glossary and pages 282- 284 in the book to answer the following questions. • What are the differences in genes, traits, and alleles? Give an example of each. • What is polygenic inheritance? Give an example. • What is Incomplete Dominance? Give an example. • What are Multiple Alleles? Give an example. • What is Codominance? Give an example.

  12. Heredity Answers • What are the differences in genes, traits, and alleles? Give an example if possible. • Genes are a section of DNA that codes for a trait, Traits an inherited characteristic (hair color, skin color, eye color), and alleles are a version of a gene (letters used to determine genotype- Aa, BB) • What is polygenic inheritance? Give an example. • Several genes that code for a characteristic/trait (eye color- controlled by several genes to control amount of greenness, brownness, and the recessive trait blue eyes, skin color and height) • What is Incomplete Dominance? Give an example. • An intermediate phenotype between two traits (Red and white snapdragon flowers produce a mixed color- pink) • What are Multiple Alleles? Give an example. • Genes that have three or more possible alleles (hair color in cats, blood types ABO, alleles are IA, IB, and i) • What is Codominance? Give an example. • Two traits that appear at the same time for a characteristic, both alleles for the same gene are fully expressed. (Blood types, IAIB will have type AB blood because neither allele is dominant over the other. Type AB blood cells make both A-type and B-type molecules.)

  13. Heredity Use pages 267-275 • What are Mendel’s Laws? 2. What is Mendelian Inheritance?

  14. Heredity Use pages 267-275 • What are Mendel’s Laws? Two versions of a gene combine and result in one of several possible traits. (Mendel did not know about Polygenic inheritance, Multiple alleles, Codominance, or Incomplete Dominance)Law of segregation, law of independent assortment • What is Mendelian Inheritance? One of each allele is combined to form a gene which is then expressed as a trait (eye color). Law of segregation- each pair of alleles is separated and randomly chosen, each gamete has an equal chance of receiving either allele. There are dominant and recessive traits and you receive one allele from each parent. Law of independent assortment- Each allele segregates independently (seed color and seed shape- dihybrid cross)

  15. Unit 3 Test Review Questions • What happens during Meiosis? • What happens during Mitosis? • From the above cladograms, if species Z is a multicellular heterotrophic organism, what type of organism are the other species? • What do we know about species Z? • What trait is common in the tuna, salamander, turtle, and leopard? Z Z Z Z

  16. Answers • What happens during Meiosis? • Sex cells (gametes) are produced, each with an unique combination of genes • What happens during Mitosis? • Autosomes are copied with the identical DNA of the parent (asexual reproduction) 3. From the above cladograms, if species Z is a multicellular heterotrophic organism, what type of organism are the other species? • All multicellular heterotrophs • What do we know about species Z? • It is the common ancestor of all the species, many new species evolved from species Z, descendants of species Z were able to evolve to modern day 5. What trait is common in the tuna, salamander, turtle, and leopard? • Jaws and a vertebral column.

  17. Evolution and Genetics • What is the main trend in the graph? Was there a change at the end of any of the time periods? • What may have caused any of the changes on the graph? What do you think will happen in the next time period? • During the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods there is a steady change, what is the reason for the diversification? • Make a punnett square showing the cross between a solid black spider (B) and a polka-dot black and white spider (b). Determine the phenotypic ratio. Determine the genotypic ratio. • Cross two heterozygous spiders and determine the ratios. • Cross two spiders that are BbHh (heterozygous for color and hairy legs where hairy legs are dominant H to smooth legs h). How many are Polka-dot and smooth legs?

  18. Answers • Increase in organisms over time. Yes, at the end of the periods the organisms died off, drastic drop in numbers. • Climate change, meteor hit Earth, huge change in the environment. There may be an increase in the number of organisms and then a large drop in numbers at the end of the time period. • Genetic diversity, increase in food supply, organisms became more adapted to their environment. • Phenotypic ratio- 100% Solid black genotypic ratio- 100% Bb • Phenotypic ratio-75% solid black 25% polka-dot genotypic ratio- 25% BB, 50% Bb, 25% bb 6. One is polka-dot and smooth bbhh

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