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Pharmacology

Pharmacology. Antihypertensive Drugs. Antihypertensive Drugs. BP = CO x PR CO = SV x HR PR – determined by the amount of vasoconstriction. Antihypertensive Drugs. Sympathetic Systems Increased HR. Increased force of contraction. Increased vascular tone. Antihypertensive Drug.

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Pharmacology

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  1. Pharmacology Antihypertensive Drugs

  2. Antihypertensive Drugs • BP = CO x PR • CO = SV x HR • PR – determined by the amount of vasoconstriction.

  3. Antihypertensive Drugs Sympathetic Systems • Increased HR. • Increased force of contraction. • Increased vascular tone

  4. Antihypertensive Drug Factors that can reduce High Blood Pressure • Na restriction • Weight loss • Eliminating smoking

  5. Antihypertensive Drug Factors that can reduce High Blood Pressure • Regular exercise • Relaxation techniques

  6. Antihypertensive Drug Role of the Kidneys • Increased PR • Decrease renal blood flow • Production of rennin

  7. Antihypertensive Drug Role of the Kidneys • Rennin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin. • Angiotensin is a potent vasoconstrictor.

  8. Antihypertensive Drug • Angiotensin also acts on the adrenal cortex to produce aldosterone. • Aldosterone causes the kidney to absorbed more sodium and water.

  9. Antihypertensive Drug • This leads to increased in blood volume and also the BP.

  10. Antihypertensive Drug Antihypertensive Therapy • Diuretics • Sympathetic blocking drugs • Vasodilator Drugs

  11. Antihypertensive Drug Antihypertensive Therapy • Calcium Antagonists • Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme inhibitor.

  12. Antihypertensive Drug Diuretics • Thiazide diuretics. • Lower Na concentration in vessel walls. • Leads to decrease ability of NE and Epinephrine to cause vasoconstriction.

  13. Antihypertensive Drug Adverse Effects • Excessive water loss - dehydration • Excessive potassium loss – muscle weakness and fatigue.

  14. Antihypertensive Drug Adverse Effects • Decreased excretion of uric acid – Gout. • Interfere with the action of insulin – hyperglycemia.

  15. Antihypertensive Drug Sympathetic Blocking Drugs • Centrally acting • Beta adrenergic Blockers

  16. Antihypertensive Drug Centrally Acting • Clonidine • Methydopa

  17. Antihypertensive Drug Clonidine • Act on the control of the vasomotor center in the medulla. • Results in reduced sympathetic activity • Leads to vasodilatation of blood vessels.

  18. Antihypertensive Drug Adverse Effects • Dry mouth • Constipation • drowsiness

  19. Antihypertensive Drug Sudden Drug Withdrawal • Headache • Nausea • Hypertensive crisis

  20. Antihypertensive Drug Beta Blockers • Block beta -1 receptors – decreased HR, force of contraction. • Block the release of rennin. • Central action.

  21. Antihypertensive Drug Vasodilator Drugs • Hydralazine • Minoxidil

  22. Antihypertensive Drug Vasodilators • Act directly on vascular smooth muscle. • Results in vasodilation – Lowering of BP. • Used in combination with diuretics or beta-blockers.

  23. Antihypertensive Drug Hydralazine • Used in moderate to severe hypertension • Used in combination with diuretics and sympathetic blockers.

  24. Antihypertensive Drug Adverse Effects • Nausea • Vomiting • Headaches

  25. Antihypertensive Drug Adverse Effects • Reflex tachycardia • Rheumatoid arthritis • SLE

  26. Antihypertensive Drug Calcium Antagonist • Verapamil • Diltiazem • Nifedipine • Nicardipine

  27. Antihypertensive Drug ACE Inhibitors • Captopril • Benazepril • Enalapril

  28. Antihypertensive Drug ACE Inhibitors • Inhibits angiotensin formation • Producing vasodilation – lowers BP • Increase RBF.

  29. Antihypertensive Drug Adverse Effects • Headaches • Dizziness • GI disturbances • Loss of taste sensation

  30. Antihypertensive Drug Adverse Effects • NP cough • Angioedema

  31. Antihypertensive Drug Treatment of Hypertensive Crisis • Diazoxide • Sodium Nitroprusside.

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