The Legacy of WWII

1. The Legacy of WWII World War to Cold War

2. 5 Aftermath of War • The appalling costs of the war began to emerge. • The world learned the full extent of the horrors of the Holocaust. • The Allies worked to strengthen democracy in occupied Germany and Japan.

3. The War’s Human Cost • *With your partner study the chart on page 18 of your ‘Activity Packet’ • *Calculate the total number of dead for the Allied countries and Axis countries. • -How do they compare? • -Which two nations suffered the most casualties in World War II? • -Which of the major countries suffered the fewest casualties?

4. Nuremberg Trials • 1945- 24 Nazi officials put on trial • Year long trial, 19 found guilty, 12 put to death • 185 leaders found guilty in later trials • People are responsible for their actions, even in wartime. • People faced disturbing questions: What made the Nazi horrors possible? Why had ordinary people collaborated with Hitler’s “final solution”?

5. Crimes • CRIMES AGAINST PEACE: namely, planning, preparation, initiation or waging of a war of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the foregoing; • WAR CRIMES: namely, violations of the laws or customs of war. Such violations shall include, but not be limited to, murder, ill-treatment or deportation to slave labor or for any other propose of civilian population of or in occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity; • CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: namely, murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war; or persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds in execution of or in connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, whether or not in violation of the domestic law of the country where perpetrated.

7. 2.Security Council has five permanent members -United States -Russia -Britain -France -China The United Nations (See Reading for more information)

8. U.S and the Soviet Union were uneasy partners during the war. • Conflicting ideologies and mutual distrust • (3)Cold War: a state of tension and hostility among nations, without armed conflict between major rivals • (4)Stalin’s goals: • The Soviet Union occupied much of Eastern Europe, established communist regimes (spread communism) • Create a buffer zone between Russia and Germany • U.S hoped to promote democracy, western democracies re-established • “Iron Curtain”- called this by Winston Churchill, referred to the separation of europe into democracies (west), communism (east) International TensionsCold War

9. Truman Doctrine • Policy of American resistance to Soviet expansion and aid to democracies • Containment: limiting communism to the areas already under Soviet control.

10. Marshall Plan • (5)Marshall Plan (1948): gave more than $13 billion to boost the economies of Europe • Aid was also offered to Soviet satellite states-dependent states in eastern Europe. • Stalin Refused

11. Divided Germany • What happened to Germany during the Cold war? • Germany became divided into West and East Germany • West Germany-democratic • East Germany-communist • Berlin was occupied by all four nations • Stalin attempted to blockade the Western controlled part of Berlin-Berlin airlift and Berlin wall

12. Alliances • NATO: (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Alliance among the United States, Canada, and nine western European countries • Warsaw Pact: Alliance among the Soviet Union and seven satellite states in Eastern Europe