Steps Towards The Crisis

1. Steps Towards The Crisis

3. The country had issues..... • Economy – industrial v. agrarian • Political – Republicans & Lincoln • Social – different cultural • influences • 4. All “men” are free • v. • Constitutional right • to property 1848

4. 5. Expansion of slavery (Can you say labor intensive?) What about the EXPANSION of slavery? • Should new lands from Mexico be allowed to have slavery? • Wilmot Proviso  NOSLAVERY!!!W.P. served to further divide North and South • Free-Soil Party adopted W.P. idea for 1848 election • Republicans also favored this idea

5. Fugitive Slave Law “all good citizens” required to aid in catching runaways runaway could not speak in court if white claimed ownership, that was evidence enough Personal Liberty Laws many northern states banned use of state officials to catch runaways guaranteed blacks jury trial and someone to speak for them North vs. Southrunaway slaves

6. Did northern abolitionists have a RIGHT to demand that slavery be ABOLISHED? • Did the South have to OBEY the North?

7. Dem. – Lewis Cass Whigs – Zachary Taylor Free-Soil – Martin Van Buren Popular sovereignty No stand on slavery Anti - Slavery 1848 election

8. Northwest rapidly expanding region of free farmers FREE LABOR

9. Increasing Pop. Density Northeast Growing Industrial & Commercial Economy

10. South Plantation System & Declining Economy

11. Southwest Frontier - Like Region & Expanding Cotton Economy

12. Compromise of 1850 • California admitted as a free state • Popular sovereignty (NM and UT terr.) Abolished slave trade in Wash., DC • Fugitive Slave Act • How did North and South react? HenryClay

13. (Map.... next slide!)

16. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) South goes on the offensive! Cannibals All! Look at the northern factory workers!!! What was the Southern view of the novel? What was impact on the Northern view of slavery? Harriet Beecher Stowe

17. The Kansas Problem • Proslavery vs. Antislavery: • Emigrant Aid Societies sent 12,000 • Proslavery people voted illegally • 2 capitals set up • Topeka: antislavery • Lecompton: proslavery • “Bleeding Kansas” • John Brown

19. "Crime Against Kansas" In his antislavery speech, Sumner identified two Democratic Senators as the principal culprits in this crime -- Stephen Douglas of Illinois and Andrew Butler of South Carolina.  He characterized Douglas to his face as a "noise-some, squat, and nameless animal . . . not a proper model for an American senator."   Sumner charged Butler with taking "a mistress . . . who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight -- I mean," added Sumner, "the harlot, Slavery."   2 days later . . .

20. FOUNDING OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY - FOUNDED IN RIPON, WISCONSIN FEBRUARY 1854 • MEETING OF NORTHERN WHIGS, ANTI-SLAVERY DEMOCRATS, FREE-SOILERS RESULTS IN THE REPUBLICAN PARTY • AGAINST THE KANASAS – NEBRASKA ACT • NO SLAVERY IN THE NEW TERRITORIES • SUPPORTED BY DIVERSE GROUPS • MAIN COMPETITION - KNOW – NOTHING PARTY • EVENTS IN “BLEEDING KANASAS” GIVE IT THE SPARK TO CHALLENGE THE DEMOCRATS IN 1856

21. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 • Senator Stephen Douglas (IL) wanted to be President • Needed southern support • Main parts of K-N Act: • Repealed 36-30 line of Mo. Compromise • Popular sovereignty to decide • Kansas problem: • ballots or bullets??? • 2 capitals • “Bleeding Kansas” 1856

22. Rep. Brooks (S.C.), Butler’s nephew, canes Sumner northern reaction? southern reaction?

23. Don’t chu eva ‘sult my uncle or mah state agin’! HERO MARTYR Rep. Preston Brooks Sen. Charles Sumner Isn’t anyone going to help me?

26. Political Parties in the 1850's • FREE SOIL – 1848 – ANTI-EXTENSION OF SLAVERY • - PRO – LABOR • 2. KNOW – NOTHING – 1854 – ANTI-IMMIGRATION • - ANTI-CATHOLIC • - AKA… AMERICAN PARTY • 3. WHIG – 1834 – PRO-BUSINESS • - DIVIDED ON SLAVERY • 4. REPUBLICAN – 1854 – OPPOSED EXPANSION OF SLAVERY • INTO THE TERRITORIES • 5. DEMOCRATIC – 1840 – STATES’ RIGHTS • - LIMITED GOVERNMENT • - DIVIDED ON SLAVERY

27. 1856 election

28. 1856 election

29. DS was taken from Mo. To Wi. • (free terr.) • DS sued for his freedom • U.S. Supreme Court: • Dominated by Southerners • Chief Justice Taney (South Carolina) • 1. DS cannot sue – not a citizen • 2. Residence in Wisconsin does • not grant freedom • Still “property” • 3. Mo. Compromise unconstitutional • Reactions of North and South??? Dred Scott Decision 1857

30. Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858) • U.S. Senate seat • 7 debates • Popular sovereignty?? • What was the “Freeport Doctrine”??

32. Who's angry with Douglas now?

35. 1860 election

38. Confederacy’s Issues

39. Union Issues

40. Your assignment is to identify the the people on the next slide. Complete this work by stating the accomplishments of each person and their significance to the country at this time. • Dred Scott • Henry Clay • Lewis Cass • Harriet Beecher Stowe • John Brown • John C. Fremont • Frederick Douglass • James Buchanan • Charles Sumner • William Lloyd Garrison • Jefferson Davis • Stephen A. Douglas There are 12 identifications. Please follow the directions stated. Total possible: 24 pts.