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Devolution life chances David Halpern

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Devolution life chances David Halpern

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    2. To cover The headline story for UK The issue of deep exclusion Social mobility broken down by UK nation

    3. UK Income inequality – a little above the OECD average

    4. Absolute and relative poverty fell post-97, through work and tax-benefits Pensioners are on average now Ł1,350 per year better off, with the poorest third of pensioners being Ł1,850 better off[1] as a result of changes made since 1997. The end result is that pensioner poverty has fallen to its lowest level in 20 years [1] DWP simulations based on the 2003/04 Family Resources Survey between 1996 and 2004 the numbers of people living in households suffering from fuel poverty, (defined as having to spend over 10 per cent of household income on fuel), fell from 6.5m to 2m[1]. [1] DTI, UK Fuel Poverty Strategy Fourth Annual Progress Report 2006 Rising incomes amongst the poorest families have meant more spending on essential goods for their children – food, clothing, footwear, games and toys. Amongst these families, spending on non-essentials such as cigarettes and alcohol has not increased. Instead, disadvantaged parents are using rising incomes to improve outcomes and provide greater opportunities for their children.[1] [1] Gregg et al. (2005) Family expenditures post-welfare reform in the UK: Are low-income families starting to catch up? CASE Working Paper 99Pensioners are on average now Ł1,350 per year better off, with the poorest third of pensioners being Ł1,850 better off[1] as a result of changes made since 1997. The end result is that pensioner poverty has fallen to its lowest level in 20 years [1] DWP simulations based on the 2003/04 Family Resources Survey between 1996 and 2004 the numbers of people living in households suffering from fuel poverty, (defined as having to spend over 10 per cent of household income on fuel), fell from 6.5m to 2m[1].

    6. UK international standing on child poverty improved post-97

    9. Blair returned to issue of social exclusion in 2005…

    10. Social exclusion – but which? The ‘entrenched’ 2.5% are ‘highly disadvantaged’ (1.3 million)

    11. Blair highlighted ‘high-cost ‘households

    12. …published in Sept 07

    13. Despite growth, a small minority appeared left behind

    15. Teenage pregnancy was a particular concern

    17. Outcomes for Looked after children remain dire

    18. Causes increasingly well understood

    19. The relationship between environment & life outcomes is better understood

    20. Longitudinal data shows the power of the cycle of deep disadvantage

    21. In essence, many forms of severe exclusion had shared causes

    22. We can identify ‘general’ risk – building case for early intervention

    23. …a systemic failure in delivery

    24. We didn’t identify or target, especially in the early years

    25. Services weren’t joined up even when the problems become impossible to ignore

    27. Despite Ł10’s billions spent on social exclusion every year

    28. It was a story of systemic failure – and largely remains so Problem Failure to predict Failure to assertively target Failure to employ best practice Workforce skills poor Boundary problems between services Perverse incentives

    29. Suggested five operational principles Better identification and early intervention CELs research, data sharing Identifying what works common rating of quality of evidence Multi-agency working lead budget holders, tariffs, clarity of responsibility Personalisation, rights and responsibilities compacts Supporting achievement and managing underperformance LGWP; LAAs; new PSA’s

    30. Led to a cone of interventions and commissioning changes

    31. Gordon has continued…

    32. Brown has continued and widened the approach

    33. Headlines – January 2009 Focus on social mobility, skills and poverty Mainstreaming of Nurse Family Partnership Expansion of intensive family support projects Ł10,000 for teachers in deprived schools Free 2yr old childcare for poor Extra 35,000 apprenticeships Career development loans expanded Child poverty targets in legislation (…and consider legislation on disadvantage)

    34. But… a warning from recent history of the UK nations

    36. Relative social mobility story more worrying

    38. Conclusions Lessons to be learnt across UK regions Policy innovations (Dundee, incredible years) But need data Important to Gordon Brown But two ‘heroic’ assumptions about mobility Warning from Scotland; university expansion Case for broader approach Other capitals – savings, social etc Public resistance to classic tools, eg redistribution Idea of ‘affiliative welfare’

    39. www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk

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