European exploration and colonization

1. European exploration and colonization

2. European exploration and colonization European exploration and colonization had lasting effects, which can be used to understand the Western Hemisphere today.

3. European exploration and colonization Essential question What lasting effects did European exploration and colonization have on the Western Hemisphere?

4. European exploration and colonization Student requirements 1. Complete a chart about explorers. 2. Make a flip book about Christopher Columbus 3. Complete a chart about European cultural practices brought to the Western Hemisphere 4. Create a map that shows where England, France, and Spain settled in America 5. Create a scrapbook documenting lasting effects of European colonization in the Western Hemisphere (images of architecture; maps with place names; descriptions of governments, festivals, celebrations, holidays, traditional foods).

5. European exploration and colonization

6. European exploration and colonization Vikings The first attempt by Europeans to colonize the New World occurred around 1000 A.D., when the Vikings sailed from the British Isles to Greenland, established a colony, and then moved on to Labrador, the Baffin Islands, and finally Newfoundland. There they established a colony named Vineland (meaning fertile region) and from that base sailed along the coast of North America, observing the flora, fauna, and native peoples. Inexplicably, after a few years Vineland was abandoned.

7. European exploration and colonization Vikings

8. European exploration and colonization Future exploration The stage for exploration was set because of religious and political changes, and technological innovations in navigation. Bigger, faster ships and the invention of navigational devices such as the astrolabe and sextant made extended voyages possible. But the most powerful inducement to exploration was trade. Marco Polo's famous journey to Cathay signaled Europe's "discovery" of Chinese and Islamic civilizations. The Orient became a magnet to traders, and exotic products and wealth flowed into Europe.

9. European exploration and colonization The map shows Marco Polo's famous journey. Click on the forward arrow to see Marco Polo's route. Which continents did he cross to reach Beijing?

10. European exploration and colonization Portugal Portugal led the other countries into exploration. Encouraged by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese seamen sailed southward along the African coast, seeking a water route to the East. Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the tip of Africa and into the Indian Ocean in 1487 before his frightened crew forced him to give up the quest. A year later, Vasco da Gama succeeded in reaching India and returned to Portugal laden with jewels and spices.

11. European exploration and colonization Bartolomeu Dias

12. European exploration and colonization Vacso de Gama

13. European exploration and colonization Spain Spain's imperial ambitions were launched by Christopher Columbus. Born in Genoa, Italy, around 1451, Columbus learned the art of navigation on voyages in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. In August 1492, Columbus sailed west with his now famous ships, Niña, Pinta, and Santa María. After ten weeks he sighted an island in the Bahamas, which he named San Salvador.

14. European exploration and colonization Spain Columbus returned to Spain with many products unknown to Europe--coconuts, tobacco, sweet corn, potatoes--and with tales of dark-skinned native peoples whom he called "Indians" because he assumed he had been sailing in the Indian Ocean. He made three more voyages to America between 1494 and 1502, during which he explored Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Jamaica, and Trinidad.

15. European exploration and colonization

16. European exploration and colonization Spain More Spanish expeditions followed. Juan Ponce de Leónexplored the coasts of Florida in 1513. Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean in the same year. Ferdinand Magellan's expedition sailed around the tip of South America, across the Pacific to the Philippines, through the Indian Ocean, and back to Europe around the southern tip of Africa between 1519 and 1522.

17. European exploration and colonization Juan Ponce de Leon

18. European exploration and colonization Vasco Núñez de Balboa

19. European exploration and colonization Ferdinand Magellan

20. European exploration and colonization Spain Two expeditions led directly to Spain's emergence as sixteenth-century Europe's wealthiest and most powerful nation. The first was headed by Hernando Cortés, who in 1519 led a small army of Spanish and Native Americans against the Aztec Empire of Mexico. Completing the conquest in 1521, Cortés took control of the Aztecs' fabulous gold and silver mines. Ten years later, an expedition under Francisco Pizarro overwhelmed the Inca Empire of Peru, securing for the Spaniards the great Inca silver mines.

21. European exploration and colonization Hernando Cortés

22. European exploration and colonization Francisco Pizarro

23. European exploration and colonization Spain From 1535-1536, Cabeza de Vacaexplored the North American Southwest, adding that region to Spain's New World empire. A few years later (1539-1542) Francisco Vásquez de Coronado discovered the Grand Canyon and journeyed through much of the Southwest looking for gold and the legendary Seven Cities of Cíbola. About the same time Hernando de Soto explored southeastern North America from Florida to the Mississippi River.

24. European exploration and colonization Cabeza de Vaca

25. European exploration and colonization Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

26. European exploration and colonization Hernando de Soto

27. European exploration and colonization France While Spain was building its New World empire, France was also exploring the Americas. In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazano was commissioned to locate a northwest passage around North America to India. He was followed in 1534 by Jacques Cartier, who explored the St. Lawrence River as far as present-day Montreal.

28. European exploration and colonization Giovanni da Verrazano

29. European exploration and colonization Jaques Cartier

30. European exploration and colonization France Unlike Spain's empire, "New France" produced no caches of gold and silver. Instead, the French traded with inland tribes for furs and fished off the coast of Newfoundland. New France was sparsely populated by trappers and missionaries and dotted with military forts and trading posts.

31. European exploration and colonization The Netherlands The Dutch were also engaged in the exploration of America. Formerly a Protestant province of Spain, the Netherlands was determined to become a commercial power and saw exploration as a means to that end. In 1609, Henry Hudson led an expedition to America for the Dutch East India Company and laid claim to the area along the Hudson River as far as present-day Albany.

32. European exploration and colonization Henry Hudson

33. European exploration and colonization England In 1497 Henry VII of England sponsored an expedition to the New World headed by John Cabot, who explored a part of Newfoundland and reported an abundance of fish. Queen Elizabeth granted charters to Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh to colonize America. Gilbert headed two trips to the New World. By the seventeenth century, the English had taken the lead in colonizing North America, establishing settlements all along the Atlantic coast and in the West Indies.

34. European exploration and colonization Henry Hudson

35. European exploration and colonization Sir Walter Raleigh

36. European exploration and colonization A biography of maritime explorer Christopher Columbus. ChristopherColumbus was an explorer long ago. (2) Columbus was born in Italy in 1451. His parents were weavers, or people who make cloth. But Christopher wanted to become a sailor. (3) As he grew, he learned to make and read maps. He also learned to sail. He wanted to find a new path to faraway lands. He hoped to find gold in those lands.

37. European exploration and colonization (4) Columbus told people about his plan. At first, nobody would help him. Then, the King and Queen of Spain said they would help. (5) They gave Columbus money to buy three ships. Next, Columbus found sailors who would travel with him. Finally, he was ready to sail. Would he find a new path? (6) The trip was long and hard for the sailors. Everyone hoped to spot land. They did! It was an island near America.

38. European exploration and colonization (7) In the end, Columbus did not find the new path he thought he might find. He never knew that he was far from the lands he had hoped to visit. But Columbus did go to a place that no one from his home had ever seen. Today, we remember how Columbus explored the seas.

39. European exploration and colonization (8) ChristopherColumbus (1451-1506) A time line tells the order in which things happen. This one shows some dates in the life of Columbus. 1451 Columbus is born. August 3, 1492 Columbus's three ships sail from Spain. October 12, 1492 Columbus lands on an island near America.

40. European exploration and colonization Project Create a flip book about the life of Christopher Columbus. Include: -time line -map showing 3 voyages -important facts/accomplishments (the amount of pages in the flip book is up to you)

41. European exploration and colonization Beginning with Columbus's first landing in the New World, European nations laid claim to what would become the United States. Remains of that history are still part America. Spanish missions from Florida to California, the distinctive architecture of the French Quarter in New Orleans, place names like New London, Lake Bayou D'Arbonne, Harlem, Las Cruces, etc.

42. European exploration and colonization As a result of Columbus' voyage, Spain made the first claims to the New World, but other countries soon made claims of their own as a result of the voyages of their explorers. By the 18th century, North America had been divided on the basis of these various claims.

43. European exploration and colonization European claims in the New World were based on the exploits of a variety of explorers. The temporary ownership of America by various European powers—specifically, England, France, Holland, Russia, and Spain—has left an enduring influence in America as witnessed through architecture, place names, music and other cultural touchstones.

44. European exploration and colonization Lasting effects of European exploration and colonization can be seen today in the cultural practices and products of the Western Hemisphere, including place names, languages, religions, and agricultural practices and products.

45. European exploration and colonization Examples of the impact of European exploration of colonization include: • Place names (e.g., La Paz, Costa Rica); • Languages (e.g., English, Spanish, Portuguese, French); • Religions (e.g., Catholicism, Protestantism); • Agricultural practices (e.g., domestication of animals, move from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture); and • Agricultural products (e.g., chickens, horses, apples, coffee, soybeans).

46. European exploration and colonization Project Copy the chart on the following slide. Use the information you have already learned or research on the computer to complete the chart.

47. European exploration and colonization

48. European exploration and colonization WHAT WE EAT is a 13-part series that looks at how Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Conquistadors changed what people ate and how that fundamental shift changed almost everything on our planet.

49. European exploration and colonization Project Create a scrapbook documenting lasting effects of European colonization in the Western Hemisphere (e.g., images of architecture; maps with place names; descriptions of governments, festivals, celebrations, holidays, traditional foods).

50. European exploration and colonization