Sarah Pallito & Gabby Rigutto - IHB

1. Osteomalacia Sarah Pallito & Gabby Rigutto - IHB Definition: Softening of the bones, typically through a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium; in children, this condition is called “rickets” • People with osteomalacia may have the normal amount of collagen, giving the bones their structure, but do not have the necessary amount of calcium, making them lose their hardness. Causes Malnutrition one may not consume an adequate amount of vitamin-D rich foods 2. Inadequate sun exposure or too high of an SPF vitamin D is absorbed through the skin into the blood stream 3. Malabsorbtionof vitamin D in the small intestine The small intestine is the site where most of the nutrients from ingested foods are absorbed into the bloodstream 4. Other conditions that contribute to the onset of osteomalacia cancer, kidney failure, liver disease, and phosphate depletion

3. Vitamin D Definition: A fat-soluble vitamin required for normal growth of teeth and bones, and is found in milk, fish, and eggs What does it do? • Vitamin D facilitates the absorbtion of calcium in the duodenum • -stimulates the small intestine to make proteins called calbindin that help transport calcium through the walls of the small intestine into the blood stream • -Calcium cannot enter blood stream via small intestine without Vitamin D • Vitamin D regulates calcium in the blood and in the bones • -Necessary for bone cells to break down (osteoclasts) and build up (osteoblasts) bone tissue, and controls which of one of them is more likely to more active • -These two types of bone cells continually break down and build up bone tissue to keep bones from becoming cracked and worn down • -You need a specific amount of calcium in the blood to enable bone mineralization and to avoid tetany (malfunction of the parathyroid glands and therefore a deficiency of calcium.