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A special class of Proteins…Enzymes!

A special class of Proteins…Enzymes!. Used to speed up chemical reactions Sensitive to changes in pH, heat or cold…denatured Reused, Recycled, repeat Catabolic vs Anabolic. Enzyme Basics. Substrate/Active site Reactant/Product Enzymes specific to chemical reaction. Ex: lock and key

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A special class of Proteins…Enzymes!

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  1. A special class of Proteins…Enzymes! • Used to speed up chemical reactions • Sensitive to changes in pH, heat or cold…denatured • Reused, Recycled, repeat • Catabolic vs Anabolic

  2. Enzyme Basics • Substrate/Active site • Reactant/Product • Enzymes specific to chemical reaction. • Ex: lock and key • Catabolic: break apart, release energy • Anabolic: put together, takes in energy • Speed up chemical reaction • Lowers activation energy

  3. Enzymes, mmm-mmm-mmm

  4. Catabolic reaction

  5. Anabolic reaction

  6. Catabolic Enzyme To take apart Take a polysaccharide and break it apart = many monosaccharides “gossipers” Anabolic Enzyme To put together/to build Ex: take 5 amino acids + peptide bonds = protein “matchmaker” What is the difference?

  7. Catabolic Enzymes • Enzymes that break down molecules • Ex: Lipids • Enzyme: Lipases • Schindler Disease- a sugar/lipid accumulates • Lack of lipases or non functional • Sugar Lipids accumulate in tissues, liver, brain

  8. Schindler’s Disease expectancy age: 4

  9. Anabolic Enzymes • Take the monomers and create polymers • Make protein and DNA for cells • Ex: Anabolic Steroid (this is a lipid!!)

  10. Enzymes impact on rate of a reaction • Enzymes work to decrease amount of energy needed per reaction • Less energy released per reaction is GOOD • Ex: amylase- carbohydrate digestion

  11. Point of Saturation • Reactants have filled up all possible active sites • Enzyme can not work any faster • Maximum velocity • Saturation point

  12. Ok your turn…explain it!

  13. Enzyme Overview • Enzymes have an optimal temperature • Denatured by extreme heat/cold/pH • Enzymes are reused, recycled • Reduce amount of energy needed/reaction • Point of saturation = maximum velocity • Specific “lock and key”

  14. Wayyy more then you need! • Inactive site, metal ion (co-factor), conformation change induced • Active site ready, substrate attaches • Reaction proceeds, recycle… • Ex: RBC’s, Fe (hemoglobin iron-cofactor protein found in a RBC), holds 4 oxygen molecules • Anemia, Iron deficiency

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