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Ongoing Challenges of Fruit Juice Authentication & Economic Adulteration

Ongoing Challenges of Fruit Juice Authentication & Economic Adulteration. Dana A Krueger. Fruit Juice Economic Adulteration. Fruit juice can be diluted with less expensive sugars: $1.00 + per pound fruit solids vs. $0.20 for sugar and HFCS

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Ongoing Challenges of Fruit Juice Authentication & Economic Adulteration

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  1. Ongoing ChallengesofFruit Juice Authentication &Economic Adulteration Dana A Krueger

  2. Fruit Juice Economic Adulteration • Fruit juice can be diluted with less expensive sugars: • $1.00 + per pound fruit solids vs. $0.20 for sugar and HFCS • Premium juice types can be extended with less costly types • Juices can be “enhanced” with improper additives such as colors or acids

  3. Adulteration with Sugars • Sugar and Invert Sugar • High Fructose Corn Sweetener • Specialty Sweeteners such as Inulin Syrups and Rice Syrup

  4. Substitution of Cheaper Juices • Apple, White Grape and Pear Juices • Deionized Grape, Pear and Pineapple Sugars • By-products such as pomace extract or peel juice • Almost anything in high priced specialties like berry juices and pomegranate

  5. Undeclared Enhancement withFood Additives • Acidulants – Malic Acid, Citric Acid etc. • Artificial Colors • Artificial Flavors • Vitamin C and other Nutrients

  6. The Sad History of Adulteration Major Adulteration Scandals: • Apple Juice in late 1970’s • Orange Juice – U.S. Midwest in late 1980’s, Canada, UK, Australia in early 1990’s • Cranberry Juice in 1995-6 • Apple Juice again in the mid 1990’s • Pomegranate Juice in 2006-2007

  7. Approaches to Analysis • Determine levels of natural or components • minerals, acids, sugars • Determine markers of particular adulterants • Trace oligosaccharides – invert sugar • Sorbitol – apple and pear juice • Characteristic ratios • Carbon Isotope Ratio – cane and corn • Anthocyanin and Phenolic Fingerprints

  8. Current Authenticity Issues • Pomegranate Juice • Lemon Juice • Coconut Water

  9. Pomegranate Juice

  10. Current Issues: Pomegranate Juice

  11. Current Issues: Pomegranate Juice

  12. Lemon Juice

  13. Current Issues: Lemon Juice

  14. Current Issues: Lemon Juice

  15. Coconut Water

  16. Current Issues: Coconut Water

  17. Current Issues: Coconut Water

  18. Current Issues: Coconut Water

  19. Tools For Coping

  20. Provide Clear Specifications Make Plant Visits and Audits Require Traceability of Supplies Periodic Qualification Analyses Know Your Suppliers

  21. Attend Scientific and Trade Association Meetings • Participate in Technical Committees • Have a drink in the bar with your industry colleagues • This is where some of the best information about what is really happening can be obtained

  22. AIJN Code of Practice • The AIJN Code of Practice Committee has Compiled Compositional and Quality Data Ranges and Guide Values for more than 20 Fruit Juices • The Code of Practice also Contains Texts of EU Regulations and Identity Standards • WWW.AIJN.ORG

  23. IFU Analyses • Compendium of Fruit Juice Analytical Methods Compiled by the IFU Commission on Methods of Analysis • Contains 80 Validated Test Methods and 10 Method Reccomendations • http://www.ifu-fruitjuice.com/ifu-methods

  24. www.kfl.com

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