Milk production & Consumption

1. Milk production & Consumption

2. Milk production & Consumption Milk production and consumption in India

3. Major milk producing countries

4. Milk Producing species

5. Vertebrate: A member of the subphylum Vertebrata, a primary division of the phylum Chordata that includes the fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, all of which are characterized by a segmented spinal column and a distinct well-differentiated head. • Hair • Three Middle Ear Bones • Mammary Glands • Lower Jaw Made of a Single Bone • Diphyodonty • Four-Chambered Heart • Endothermy • Diaphram Mammals: Characteristics A Diphyodont is an animal with two successive sets of teeth, initially the "deciduous" set and consecutively the "permanent" set. Most mammals are diphyodonts as to chew their food they need a strong, durable and complete set of teeth An endotherm is an organism that maintains its body at a metabolically favourable temperature Characteristics like hair, maintaining a constant body temperature, production of milk, internal fertilization, young born fully developed, highly developed circulatory and respiratory systems, larger brain size, and differences in the size and function of teeth) make mammal species unique among the vertebrates.

6. Milk producing livestock Milk producing animals are called milch animals. World milk production is almost entirely derived from cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep and camels. Other less common milk animals are yaks, horses, reindeers and donkeys. The presence and importance of each species varies significantly among regions and countries. The key elements that determine the dairy species kept are feed, water and climate. Other factors that may influence the presence of a dairy species are market demand, dietary traditions and the socio-economic characteristics of individual households (e.g., poorer families tend to rely more on small ruminants). Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows or milk cows) are cattle cows (adult females) bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made. Dairy cows generally are of the species Bostaurus • Cows produce 83 percent of world milk production, followed by buffaloes with 13 percent, goats with 2 percent and sheep with 1 percent; camels provide 0.3 percent. The remaining share is produced by other dairy species such as equines and yaks. • About one-third of milk production in developing countries comes from buffaloes, goats, camels and sheep. In developed countries, almost all milk is produced by cattle.

7. BREEDS OF CATTLE INDIGENOUS BREEDIndigenous Breeds are classified under three groups based on utility / purpose.a) Milch breeds / Milk breedsb) Draught breeds c) Dual Purpose breeds Milch Breeds / Milk Breeds:/ Dairy Breeds The cows of these breeds are high milk yields and the male animals are slow or poor work animals. The examples of Indian milch breeds are shahiwal, Red Sindhi, Gir and Deoni The milk production of milk breeds is on the average more than 1600 kg per lactation Draught Breeds:The male animals are good for work and Cows are poor milk yielder are their milk yield as an average is less than 500 kg per lactation. They are usually white in color. A pair of bullocks can haul 1000 kg. Net with an iron typed cart on a good road at walking speed of 5 to 7 km per hour and cover a distance of 30 - 40 km per day. Twice as much weight can be pulled on pneumatic rubber tube carts. The example of this group Kangayam, Umblacherry, Amritmahal, Hallikar. Dual Purpose Breeds:The cows in these breeds are average milk yielder and male animals are very useful for work. Their milk production per lactation is 500 kg to 150 kg. The example of this group is Ongole, Hariana, Kankrej, Tharparker, Krishna valley, Rathi and GoaloMewathi.

8. Exotic breeds are those breeds that are not native or unusual to the landscape. Indigenous means a certain breed that originates in and is a characteristic of a particular country. Dairy Breeds – Milch – Jersey, Holstein Friesian Beef Breeds Climate-Specific Breeds Heritage Breeds Draught Breeds Kangayam Amritmahal Hallikar Umblacherry EXOTIC BREEDS Jersey Holstein Friesian CROSS BREEDS Milch BreedRed Sindhi Sahiwal Gir Deon Milch and Draught breedsHariana Tharparkar Kankrej http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/animal_husbandry/animhus_cattle%20_breed.html

9. Cow's milk (major components) • 86 to 89 percent water • 3 to 3.7 percent protein • 3.4 to 4.4 percent fat and • 4.8 to 5.2 percent sugar (lactose) • Human milk is relatively low in protein and high in lactose, and is therefore very sweet. • Sheep's milk is much more concentrated than cow's milk, with almost double the fat (6.6 to 7.7 percent) and between 5.5 and 6.5 percent protein, which makes it particularly suited to cheese making. • Goat's milk has a similar composition to cow's, but when it is turned into cheese it has a lower yield (10 to 15 percent less) and is less adaptable to different types of handling. • Buffalo milk contains higher total solids than cow milk, which makes it thicker. Buffalo milk has 100% more fat content than cow's milk, which makes it creamier and thicker

10. http://www.mkgandhi.org/health/diet_reform/32cowmilk.html

11. Cows and buffaloes are both large domesticated cattle animals of the bovine subfamily, but differ in their tribe and genus. A good cow gives around 15 to 20 liters of milk, whereas a good buffalo gives anywhere between 7 to 11 liters milk per day. Buffalo milk contains higher total solids than cow milk, which makes it thicker. Buffalo milk has 100% more fat content than cow's milk, which makes it creamier and thicker. Buffalo milk contains more calcium, a better calcium to phosphorous ratio and less sodium and potassium which makes it a better nutritional supplement for infants. Cow’s milk is extremely rich in iodine. It has good amount of minerals like Calcium and Phosphorus. India followed by Pakistan is the top producer of buffalo milk. China and Italy follow. India is the top producer and consumer of cow and buffalo milk. Western countries consume mostly cow's milk.

12. References: http://www.mkgandhi.org/health/diet_reform/32cowmilk.html http://classes.ansci.illinois.edu/ansc438/milkcompsynth/histology_6.html https://www.uoguelph.ca/foodscience/dairy-science-and-technology/milk-production-and-biosynthesis http://www.diffen.com/difference/Buffalo_Milk_vs_Cow_Milk http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_cattle http://www.slowfood.com/slowcheese/eng/12/many-breeds http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/animal_husbandry/animhus_cattle%20_breed.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_cattle http://animals.pawnation.com/cattle-breeds-4731.html http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/