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Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics. Parameters: a word used to indicate numerical characteristics of populations. Statistics: a word used to indicate numerical characteristics of samples. Two broad classifications of statistics:

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Descriptive Statistics

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  1. Descriptive Statistics

  2. Parameters: a word used to indicate numerical characteristics of populations. • Statistics: a word used to indicate numerical characteristics of samples.

  3. Two broad classifications of statistics: • Descriptive: statistics that organize and summarize numerical data gathered from populations and samples. • Inferential: concerned with populations and use sample data to make an inference about a population

  4. Descriptive statistics: • Methods to categorize descriptive statistics: • 1. Measures to condense data • 2. Measures of central tendency • 3. Measures of variability • 4. Measures of relationships

  5. 1. Measures to condense data: • Frequency distributions: Symmetrical and non symmetrical (positively skewed and negatively skewed • Graphic presentations: Bar graph, Histogram, Frequency polygon • Percentages: 0 -100

  6. 2. Measures of central tendency: • Measures the average, typical or most frequent value for a group of data • Mean: used for interval and ratio data • Mode: used for nominal data • Median: used for ordinal, interval and ratio data

  7. 2. Measures of central tendency/cont: • Range: difference between the highest and lowest value in a group of values or scores. • Percentile: 80th percentile, 50th percentile etc • Standard deviation: used for interval or ratio data

  8. 3. Measures of variance: • Variance: it is the standard deviation squared

  9. 4. Measures of relationships: correlations between variables

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