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Infrared Radiation, Microwave, Ultraviolet Radiation.

Infrared Radiation, Microwave, Ultraviolet Radiation. Infrared. Infrared lamps emits electromagnetic radiation within frequency range  heat absorbed by the matter. IR is emitted by many sources (e.g. the sun). Physical Characteristics. IR radiation has wave length of 770 nm to 1 mm.

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Infrared Radiation, Microwave, Ultraviolet Radiation.

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  1. Infrared Radiation, Microwave, Ultraviolet Radiation.

  2. Infrared • Infrared lamps emits electromagnetic radiation within frequency range  heat absorbed by the matter. • IR is emitted by many sources (e.g. the sun).

  3. Physical Characteristics • IR radiation has wave length of 770 nm to 1 mm. • Part of EM spectrum lying between visible light and microwave. • Divided into 3 bands: 1- IR-A: 770 to 1400 nm 2- IR-B: 1400 to 3000 nm 3- IR-C: 3000 to 106

  4. Types of IR radiation (Used clinically) • Luminous (visible) • Non luminous (invisible) IR lamps available emit radiation of wave length 780 and 1500 nm.

  5. Physical Behavior of IRR: • Reflected • Absorbed • Transmitted • Refracted • Diffracted

  6. Physiological Effects of IRR: • Metabolic effect: • Increases metabolic activity. • Circular effect: • Increases blood flow superficially. • Neurological effects: • Increases nerve conduction velocity. • Cellular effects: • Increases elastic fibers in upper dermis. • Increases ground substance. • Alters composition of amino acid proteins.

  7. Clinical (Therapeutic) Effects of IRR: • Pain • Muscle spasm • Joint stiffness • Tissue healing • Circulation • Edema • Skin lesion • Others: before stretching, mobilization, traction, massage, exercises, E.S. , bile pigments.

  8. Modes of Heat Transfer • Radiation (lamp to body) • Convection and conduction ( through the body) Dosage • Sensory report of the patient • ِAdjusted by: • Changing power output of the lamp • Distance of lamp • Angle of incidence

  9. Time of Application 10 – 20 minutes.

  10. Microwave • E.M.R. between the radio waves and infrared. • Wavelength between 1 m and 1 cm. • Frequency between 30MHz – 30GHz. • Available since 1930 • Effective method of heating (highly vascular tissue)

  11. Production of M.W. • High frequency oscillating current. • Magnetron to generate oscillating currents directly from high velocity electron motion. • Coaxial cable. • Antenna (emitter). • Intensity control. • Meter mean of switching. • Can be continuous or pulsed.

  12. Ultraviolet Radiations • Physical properties of U.V. radiations: • Electromagnetic radiations. • Frequency 7.5x1014 to over 1015. • Wavelength 400nm to below 290nm. • Lies between x-ray and visible light. • Divided into three bands, A, B and C band. • A and B bands reach the earth, whereas C band is filtered by the ozone layer • Produce physiological effect by non thermal mechanism

  13. Most significant source of U.V. is the sun. • Obeys inverse square and cosine law. • Intensity is proportional to the power of lamp output. • Deepest penetration with high intensity, long wavelength and lower frequency. • U.V.A penetrate farthest • U.V.B and U.V.C are less deep. • Less deep penetration if skin is thick or dark.

  14. Physiological Effects of U.V.R 1- Erythema production: • Redness. • Depends on the amount of U.V. • Types of erythema. • High dose  destructive.

  15. 2- Tanning: Delayed pigmentation of the skin • Caused by: • Increase production and upward migration of melanin granules • Oxidation of premelanin in the skin • Protective response of the body

  16. 3- Epidermal hyperplasia • Thickening of the superficial layer of skin. • 72 hours after exposure. • Persists for several weeks. • Protective mechanism. 4- Vitamin D Synthesis • Conversion of provitamin D to vitamin D. 5- Other Effects • Bactericidal effect.

  17. Erythemal Respons • Suberythemal dose (SED) : • No change in 24h after exposure. • Minimal erythema dose (MED) : • Smallest dose  erythema (8h) • Dissapears within 24 hours

  18. First-degree erythema (E1) : • Definite redness with mild desquamation. • Appears within 6 hours. • Lasts for 1 – 3 days • About 2.5 times MED • Second degree erythema (E2) • Intense erythema with edema, peeling and pigmentation. • Appears within 2 hours or less. • Like severe sun burn. • About 5 times MED.

  19. Third degree erythema (E3) : • Erythema with severe blistering, peeling and exudation. • Dose about 10 times MED

  20. Clinical Indications for U.V. radiation • Skin disorder • Psoriasis and other dermatological conditions • Non pulmonary T.B. • Healing wounds

  21. Application Technique • Determine patient’s sensitivity to U.V radiation • Use the same lamp • Dose response assessment • Graded according to individual’s erythemal response

  22. The End  Good Luck To You All 

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