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Poe’s Recurring Themes, Symbols, and Motifs. HORROR Gothic = literature characterized by a gloomy setting, mysterious or violent events, and an atmosphere of degeneration and decay Where’s a great place to get ideas? In the NEWS! BIZARRE MURDERS happen in the world around you…
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HORROR Gothic = literature characterized by a gloomy setting, mysterious or violent events, and an atmosphere of degeneration and decay Where’s a great place to get ideas? In the NEWS! BIZARRE MURDERS happen in the world around you… Poe added his psychological insights Master of the Macabre
Eyes • One of his most common motifs • Can be referred to as “orb” • Eyes considered to be window to the soul
Heart • Heart is important as both the physical “pump” of the body & as center of all feeling and experience • As a Romantic, Poe places greater emphasis on the HEART (representing emotion and experience) than on HEAD (representing intellect, rational thought, and scientific reasoning)
? Unnamed Narrator • Unnamed narrator frequently tells stories (narrator not meant to represent Poe) • Lack of specific identity gives him an EVERYMAN quality
Premature Burial/Suffocation • 2 concepts linked—“Life-in-death” theme • The idea of being enclosed with the dead while still part of the living
Two Sides of Oneself • Duality of man (man is both good and evil, light and dark can be contained in same person) • “Mirror” Image (the double or look-alike stranger) • “Twin” characters (separate yet inseparable) • Doppelganger—the motif of the double or fractured image fairly common to literature
Time/Clocks • Many of his stories are set in ambiguous times and places, making them universal and contemporary to the reader of any era • Poe frequently uses HOURS and times of day (especially 3:00, 6:00, 9:00 and 12:00) • Uses direct and subtle references to TIME or CLOCKS • Events often begin at dusk and end with daybreak“The witching hour” of 12 midnight
Animals • Repetition of certain types of characters—black cats, ravens • Narrator may “lead” the reader into thinking such an animal is innately evil or has magical powers • Reader has to determine based on behavior of the animal whether this is true or if narrator is just projecting his own beliefs onto the animal.
Four Themes To Know… • Death of a WOMAN • Fear of INSANITY • REVENGE • Premature BURIAL/DEATH