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Deanna Funnell-Harris

Response of near isogenic sorghum lines, differing at the P locus for plant color, to grain mold and head smut fungi. Deanna Funnell-Harris. Jeff Pedersen Plant Geneticist. John Toy Agronomist. Pedersen, J. F., Toy, J. J. (2001) Germination, emergence and yield of 20 plant color, seed-

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Deanna Funnell-Harris

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  1. Response of near isogenic sorghum lines, differing at the P locus for plant color, to grain mold and head smut fungi Deanna Funnell-Harris

  2. Jeff Pedersen Plant Geneticist John Toy Agronomist Pedersen, J. F., Toy, J. J. (2001) Germination, emergence and yield of 20 plant color, seed- color near-isogenic lines of grain sorghum. Crop Science, 41, 107-110.

  3. Purple Tan • There were no significant differences in mean lesion lengths when tan or purple plants (with red or white grain) were inoculated with Fusariumthapsinum or Alternaria sp. • When assessing grain grown on purple or tan plants, results indicated that purple plant color may protect grain from Fusariumpathogens. • Hypothesis: Purple plant color protects grain against panicle diseases. Funnell, D. L., Pedersen, J. F. (2006) Association of plant color and pericarp color with colonization of grain by members of Fusarium and Alternaria in near-isogenic sorghum lines. Plant Disease, 90, 411-418 Red “White”

  4. Grain with white pericarps grown on tan plants has a neutral flavor, appealing appearance and higher digestibility. • Grain grown on purple or red plants results in an off-color. Bach Knudsen et al., 1988 Dykes et al., 2005 Rooney & Awika, 2005

  5. Louis Prom Scott Sattler Jeff Pedersen

  6. Snyder and Nicholson. 1990. Science 248: 1637-1639 Lo and Nicholson. 1998. Plant Physiol. 116: 979-989 Vermeriss and Nicolson. 2008. Phenolic Compound Biochemistry Phenylalanine Cinnamic acid p-Coumaric acid … Lignin biosynthesis p-Coumaryl Coenzyme A Flavonoid biosynthesis P? Naringenin Anthocyanidins Anthocyanins 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins

  7. Sorghum pigment genetics Plant color-two loci P and Q -P-purple plant color -p-tan plant color -Q-purplish-black -P is epistatic over Q Pericarp color-two loci R and Y -RRYY-red -rrYY-yellow -RRyy, rryy-white • Plant color lines • Purple-PPQQ • Tan-ppQQ • Grain-RRyy White grain Rooney. 2000. Pages 261 – 307 In Sorghum: Origin, History, Technology and Production Zanta et al. 1994. Journal of Heredity, 85, 23 - 29 Purple Tan

  8. Experiment • Ten near-isogenic lines, 5 producing the purple/red pigments (“purple”), 5 not (“tan”) all with white grain. • Planted in 4 replica plots 2 (Lincoln and Ithaca, NE) or 3 (Corpus Christi, TX) years. • Collected grain, assessed for grain mold fungi. • At CC assessed for incidence of head smut symptoms and signs. Funnell-Harris, D. L., Prom, L. K., Sattler, S. E. and Pedersen, J. F. 2013. Ann. Appl. Biol., 163, 91-101

  9. Grain mold fungi Alternaria A. alternata A. tenuissima Fusarium G. fujikuroi Other Fusarium Cochliobolus spp. Curvularialunata Cu. sorghina Bipolarissorghicola Kindly provided by S. Navi Little and Magill. 2003. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 63: 271-279. Funnell-Harris et al. 2010. Phytopathology 100: 671-681 Funnell-Harris et al. 2013. Can. J. Microbiol. 59: 87-96

  10. Numbers of Alternaria isolation per 100 grains: no significant differences Funnell-Harris, D. L., Prom, L. K., Sattler, S. E. and Pedersen, J. F. 2013. Ann. Appl. Biol., 163, 91-101

  11. Location effects and medium × plant color interactions on colonization of grain by Cochliobolusspp. Funnell-Harris, D. L., Prom, L. K., Sattler, S. E. and Pedersen, J. F. 2013. Ann. Appl. Biol., 163, 91-101 Funnell-Harris, D. L., Prom, L. K., and Pedersen, J. F. 2013. Can. J. Microbiol., 59, 87-96

  12. Location effects on colonization of grain by Fusariumspecies but no effects of plant color Funnell-Harris, D. L., Prom, L. K., Sattler, S. E. and Pedersen, J. F. 2013. Ann. Appl. Biol., 163, 91-101

  13. Two pathogenic species were detected in grain grown at all three locations. F. thapsinum Base changes in TEF F. proliferatum Funnell-Harris, D. L., Prom, L. K., Sattler, S. E. and Pedersen, J. F. 2013. Ann. Appl. Biol., 163, 91-101

  14. Conclusion-grain mold • Grain from purple plants was not more resistant to the three grain mold fungal genera than grain grown on tan plants.

  15. Sorghum head smut (Sporisoriumreilianum) Frederiksen. 2002. Pages 18-20 In “Compendium of Sorghum Diseases”

  16. At Corpus Christi, purple plants had greater head smut incidence than tan plants

  17. Snyder and Nicholson. 1990. Science 248: 1637-1639 Lo and Nicholson. 1998. Plant Physiol. 116: 979-989 Vermeriss and Nicolson. 2008. Phenolic Compound Biochemistry Pedersen and Toy. 2001. Crop Sci. 41: 107 - 110 Cui et al. 1996. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 49: 187-199. Halkier and Moller. 1989. Plant Phys. 90: 473-479. Phenylalanine Phenylalanine ammonia lyase Cinnamic acid ? ? p-Coumaric acid … Lignin biosynthesis p-Coumaryl Coenzyme A Flavonoid biosynthesis Chalcone synthase P? Naringenin Anthocyanidins Anthocyanins 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins

  18. Conclusions • The near-isogenic purple and tan lines with white grain are potentially valuable to investigate other defenses of sorghum besides the well-characterized 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins. • The tan lines would be ideal to develop food-grade sorghum hybrids, especially in combination with lines having race-specific resistance to sorghum head smut.

  19. USDA-ARS Sorghum project, Lincoln, NE Scott Sattler Plant molecular biologist Melinda Yerka Plant geneticist Deanna Funnell-Harris Plant pathologist

  20. National Institute of Food & Agriculture, grant  2011-67009-30026

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