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Roy Rasmussen, NCAR AWRP Winter Weather PDT lead

Winter Weather Issues Oct. 19, 2006 Presentation at Friends and Partners in Aviation Weather meeting. Roy Rasmussen, NCAR AWRP Winter Weather PDT lead. Winter Weather Issues. 1. Ice Pellets 2. Heavy Snow 3. Ingest of freezing drizzle by engines

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Roy Rasmussen, NCAR AWRP Winter Weather PDT lead

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  1. Winter Weather IssuesOct. 19, 2006 Presentation at Friends and Partners in Aviation Weather meeting Roy Rasmussen, NCAR AWRP Winter Weather PDT lead

  2. Winter Weather Issues 1. Ice Pellets 2. Heavy Snow 3. Ingest of freezing drizzle by engines 4. Implementing real-time liquid equivalent rates one of the highest priority for the Ground Deicing Industry (2006 Portugal SAE Ground Deicing Meeting) 5. ASOS summary 6. Winter Weather Research PDT future

  3. FREQUENCY OF DE/ANTI-ICING OPERATIONS (ALL AIRPORTS) – SURVEY 2000-03

  4. FSAT 2006-2007 HOLDOVER TIME TABLES ICE PELLET ALLOWANCE TIME HEAVY SNOW PROCEDURES WINTER 2006-2007

  5. Ice Pellets Issue: • After inspecting operations at many airlines during the winter 2005-2006, the FAA issued a Notice to Airman in October 2005 prohibiting operations during ice pellet conditions due to the fact that no holdover time exists for ice pellets. • This notice had the potential to seriously impact operations at a number of airports such as Pittsburgh where such operations had been going on for many years (using a Pre-takeoff contamination check which allows 5 minutes to take off after the check). • ATA requested a meeting on January 24, 2006 to discuss this issue as well as the heavy snow issue with the FAA. • As a result, the FAA embarked on a test program for ice pellets through application of ice pellets on the wing of an aircraft during simulated takeoff.

  6. Ice Pellet Issues: (cont.) • Based on testing, FAA has allowed a holdover time of 25 minutes during light ice pellet conditions only (no other type of precipitation present). • Problem: • Ice pellets mixed with other types of precipitation 70% of the time (18% freezing rain, 18% rain, 37% snow), conditions for which the new holdover times do not apply. - The estimation of light ice pellet rates usually done by visibility. This technique as not been confirmed, nor has the over estimate of visibility at night been considered.

  7. Heavy Snow

  8. FAA TYPE I HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE Table 1. FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAEType I Fluid Mixture as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT. CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFFCHECK PROCEDURES. Effective: October 1, 2003 TABLE 1B. SNOWFALL INTENSITIES AS A FUNCTION OF PREVAILING VISIBILITY. FOR TYPE I HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINES • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SAE TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 2A - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for KILFROST ABC-II PLUS Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 3,600cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle LV2, 250ml beaker, 150ml fluid, 10 min. grd. leg. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • KILFROST ABC-II PLUSTYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 2B - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for KILFROST ABC-2000 Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 2,350 cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle LV2, 250ml beaker, 150ml fluid, 10 min. grd. leg. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • KILFROST ABC-2000TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 2C - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for Octagon E-MAX II Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and • OAT –Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 13,520 cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle LV1, 600 ml beaker, 500 ml fluid, 33 min 20 sec, grd. leg • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • OCTAGON E-MAX II TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 2D – FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SPCA ECOWING 26 Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% fluid Tested 4,900cp, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 30 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SPCA ECOWING 26TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 2E – FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAFEWING MP II 2025 Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% fluid Tested 5,500mPa.s, 20 oC, 0.3 rpm, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SPCA ECOWING 26TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • FAA TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE • TABLE 4 - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAE Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees CelsiusOAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SAE TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDEPROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4A - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for UCAR ULTRA+ Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 36,000cP, 0 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-31/13R, 10ml fluid, 10 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. Visibility Criteria for Snow Intensity • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • KILFROST ABC-STYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4D - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAFEWING MP IV 1957 Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 16,200cP, 20o , 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SAFEWING MP IV 1957TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4E – FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAFEWING MP IV 2001 Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT –Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 18,000cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SAFEWING MP IV 2001TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4F – FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for CLARIANT SAFEWING MPIV 2012 PROTECT Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% fluid Tested 7,800cp, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • CLARIANT SAFEWING MP IV 2012 PROTECT TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4G - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for CLARIANT SAFEWING FOUR Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT –Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 6,400cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SAFEWING FOURTYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4H - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for CLARIANT SAFEWING MPIV 2030 ECO Type IV as a function of Weather Conditions • and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 10,500 mPa.s, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SPCA AD-480TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4I - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SPCA AD-480 Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 15,200cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 30 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SPCA AD-480TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 5 - FAA Guidelines for the Application of SAE Type II and Type IV Fluid Mixtures. • Minimum Concentrations as a Function of Outside Air Temperature (OAT). • Concentrations in % V/V Effective: October 1, 2003 Table 6. List of Qualified (1) Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids – Winter 2003-2004 Qualified Type I Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids Table 6. List of Qualified (1) Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids – Winter 2003-2004(Continued) Qualified Type II Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids Qualified Type IV Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids (1) NOTE: Qualified implies that the fluid has met the requirements of the applicable SAE AMS performance specifications, as conducted by the Anti-Icing Materials International Laboratory at the University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Canada, in effect at the time of certification. Web site: http://www.uqac.uquebec.ca/amil/ It also implies that the fluid has completed HOT testing. Fluids that successfully qualify after the issuance of this list will appear in a later update.

  9. FAA TYPE I HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE Table 1. FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAEType I Fluid Mixture as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT. CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFFCHECK PROCEDURES. Effective: October 1, 2003 TABLE 1B. SNOWFALL INTENSITIES AS A FUNCTION OF PREVAILING VISIBILITY. FOR TYPE I HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINES • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SAE TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 2A - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for KILFROST ABC-II PLUS Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 3,600cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle LV2, 250ml beaker, 150ml fluid, 10 min. grd. leg. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • KILFROST ABC-II PLUSTYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 2B - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for KILFROST ABC-2000 Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 2,350 cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle LV2, 250ml beaker, 150ml fluid, 10 min. grd. leg. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • KILFROST ABC-2000TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 2C - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for Octagon E-MAX II Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and • OAT –Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 13,520 cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle LV1, 600 ml beaker, 500 ml fluid, 33 min 20 sec, grd. leg • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • OCTAGON E-MAX II TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 2D – FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SPCA ECOWING 26 Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% fluid Tested 4,900cp, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 30 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SPCA ECOWING 26TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 2E – FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAFEWING MP II 2025 Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% fluid Tested 5,500mPa.s, 20 oC, 0.3 rpm, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SPCA ECOWING 26TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • FAA TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE • TABLE 4 - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAE Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees CelsiusOAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SAE TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDEPROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4A - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for UCAR ULTRA+ Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 36,000cP, 0 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-31/13R, 10ml fluid, 10 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. Modified Visibility Criteria for Snow Intensity Based on Temperature and Day or Night • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • KILFROST ABC-STYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4D - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAFEWING MP IV 1957 Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 16,200cP, 20o , 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SAFEWING MP IV 1957TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4E – FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAFEWING MP IV 2001 Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT –Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 18,000cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SAFEWING MP IV 2001TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4F – FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for CLARIANT SAFEWING MPIV 2012 PROTECT Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% fluid Tested 7,800cp, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • CLARIANT SAFEWING MP IV 2012 PROTECT TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4G - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for CLARIANT SAFEWING FOUR Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT –Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 6,400cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SAFEWING FOURTYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4H - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for CLARIANT SAFEWING MPIV 2030 ECO Type IV as a function of Weather Conditions • and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 10,500 mPa.s, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 15 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SPCA AD-480TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 4I - FAA Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SPCA AD-480 Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT–Viscosity of Neat 100% Fluid Tested 15,200cP, 20 oC, 0.3 RPM, Spindle SC4-34/13R, 10ml fluid, 30 min. • CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. • °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature • °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume • THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. • * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST • ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 C (14 F) • *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible • ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail • Snow includes snow grains • CAUTIONS: • THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. • SPCA AD-480TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. • Effective: October 1, 2003 • TABLE 5 - FAA Guidelines for the Application of SAE Type II and Type IV Fluid Mixtures. • Minimum Concentrations as a Function of Outside Air Temperature (OAT). • Concentrations in % V/V Effective: October 1, 2003 Table 6. List of Qualified (1) Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids – Winter 2003-2004 Qualified Type I Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids Table 6. List of Qualified (1) Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids – Winter 2003-2004(Continued) Qualified Type II Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids Qualified Type IV Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids (1) NOTE: Qualified implies that the fluid has met the requirements of the applicable SAE AMS performance specifications, as conducted by the Anti-Icing Materials International Laboratory at the University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Canada, in effect at the time of certification. Web site: http://www.uqac.uquebec.ca/amil/ It also implies that the fluid has completed HOT testing. Fluids that successfully qualify after the issuance of this list will appear in a later update.

  10. Heavy Snow Issue: • The use of the modified visibility table has resulted in heavy snow being reported much more frequently than before (~10 times more often). • Since heavy snow does not have a holdover time, operations during heavy snowfall is prohibited. • Last years FSAT prohibited the use of a pre-takeoff contamination check as well. This year, FSAT allows for a pre-takeoff contamination check. • Pilots are starting to ignore the modified visibility table, using the direct snowfall intensities from the METAR. Need liquid equivalent rate in real-time!

  11. The lack of liquid equivalent and precipitation type real-time information updated every minute is having a significant impact on aircraft deicing operations and is a significant safety factor • The liquid equivalent rate of snow, freezing rain, snow pellets, ice pellets, and freezing drizzle is the primary factor causing aircraft deicing fluids to fail. • The current NWS estimates of snowfall and drizzle intensity available to pilots via METARS through ASOS and ATIS is based on visibility, not liquid equivalent. • The use of a modified visibility table does not solve the problem, and in fact may make it worse!

  12. Freezing drizzle ingest into engines can cause significant damage to fan blades (light freezing drizzle reported by METAR, heavy freezing drizzle actually occuring, J. Aircraft paper just published, Rasmussen et al.)

  13. Precipitation Type sensor (Vaisala PWD-22) EPI sensor All Precip Checktime System Freezing Rain sensor (Goodrich) Hotplate (Yankee) Weighing Snowgauge (GEONOR) • Holdover Time determination • Checktime determination

  14. ASOS Winter Issues • 1. Enhanced Precipitation Indicator • - Will Enable freezing drizzle detection and rate, ice pellet detection and rate and snow pellet detection, hail detection. • Demonstration test at limited # of sites (focused on hail and ice pellet detection) this winter. • FAA needs to commit to fund in order for this sensor to be deployed (business case not compelling). NWS will not deploy without FAA funding. • 2. Liquid Equivalent based snowfall rate still not implemented! • - National Weather Service has proposed to implement at sites with liquid equivalent gauges, but FAA has not accepted.

  15. Future of Winter Weather Research Related to these issues Planned FY07 Activities that will not occur: 1. Demonstration of All Weather Check Time system at Pittsburgh 2. Active frost detection and forecast 3. 1-12 hour snow forecast

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