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What Was The Enlightenment?

What Was The Enlightenment?. Fill in the Graphic Organizer as the teacher tells the story. When and Where?. 1687-1789 Began with the English Revolution (1688) and ended with the French Revolution (1789) It affected England, the U.S., and France It shaped three revolutions

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What Was The Enlightenment?

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  1. What Was The Enlightenment? Fill in the Graphic Organizer as the teacher tells the story

  2. When and Where? • 1687-1789 • Began with the English Revolution (1688) and ended with the French Revolution (1789) • It affected England, the U.S., and France • It shaped three revolutions • English (1688), American (1776), French (1789)

  3. What? • It was the Age of Reason • Philosophers used reason to examine human affairs – politics and economics • They loved education and free speech. They believed in human progress • They scorned ignorance and superstition, emotion and passion • Most of all, they challenged traditional authority

  4. Natural Law • The Scientific Revolution shaped the Enlightenment • Philosophers loved Newton and his Law of Gravity (1687) • They believed the world is a machine that operates according to a few simple laws • Using reason, one could discover the “Natural Laws” of society

  5. Natural Law • Self-Evident Truths • Just like the mathematician, a political philosopher begins with a self-evident truth • From there, you move to the next self-evident truth • Example: • God created an individual endowed with life and liberty • Government should preserve the individual’s right to life and liberty

  6. Who? • They were political philosophers

  7. Who • John Locke • England • Two Treatises of Government – 1689 • Natural Rights; The Social Contract

  8. Who • Baron de Montesquieu • France • The Spirit of the Laws – 1748 • Rights of the minority

  9. Who • Thomas Jefferson • U.S. • Declaration of Independence - 1776 • All men are created equal

  10. Who • James Madison • U.S. • U.S. Constitution - 1787 • Separation of Powers

  11. Who • Jean-Jacque Rousseau • France • The Social Contract - 1762 • “Father of the French Revolution”

  12. How? • Philosophers Wrote Books • They condemned tyranny and social injustice • They condemned people in authority . . . the government and the church • Their ideas sparked the American Revolution and the French Revolution

  13. Why? • During the Enlightenment, philosophers wanted to make progress and improve the world • During the English Revolution (1688), John Locke came up with “Natural Rights” and the “Social Contract” • During the American Revolution (1776), Thomas Jefferson wrote “All men are created equal”

  14. Why? • During the French Revolution (1789), Rousseau said “Let loose your passions!” and chaos followed • People did not always operate on reason. The Paris mob operated on passion and emotion.

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