Canadian Light Source Inc. Our National Synchrotron Research Facility University of Saskatchewan

1. Canadian Light Source Inc.Our National Synchrotron Research FacilityUniversity of Saskatchewan www.lightsource.ca

2. National Synchrotron Research Institutes… (academic, gov’t & industry collaboration) Canadian Light Source Inc. (operate & develop additional beamlines) CLSI Board of Directors Synchrotron Project (build, commission, & academic leadership) USask Board of Governors Partnerships & Governance

3. University of SaskatchewanInnovation at the speed of light… • Beautiful riverside campus in the heart of Canada… 20,000 students… City of Saskatoon (225,000) • Innovation Place successful bio-R&D park… national leadership in bio-innovation & bio-informatics • National leaderin diversity & comprehensive Life Sciences research (ag, vet, bio-tech, enviro, health) • International leaderin Agriculture, Bio-technology, & Environmental research & teaching • Only global university campuswith a dozen life sciences research agencies, bio-R&D park, & a new synchrotron!

4. Campus map N Innovation Place CLSI USask Campus

5. How do Scientists find out about things? • What do you do to find out about anything? • Ask questions… ask a teacher… go to the library… • Experiment by touching, tasting, smelling, listening or “looking around” • Seeing uses LIGHT… the brighter the light, the more detailed the information available • Synchrotrons produce extremely brilliant light • allows advanced technology microscopes • providing molecular level images • extensive chemical information • characterize the nature & structure of materials

6. Why Synchrotron Analysis? • Molecular level details – extremely brilliant source of photons • Orders of magnitude higher resolution (spatial & photon) • Dynamic studies in pressure, temperature, pH, gas • Cost-effective – in-situ, time resolved studies, trace element analysis • Higher sample handling & data acquisition rates (smaller crystals) • Reduced sample prep. & intermediate chemistry processing • Unique alternative analysis techniques • Protein crystallography; MEMS; aqueous/amorphous • Speciation of heavy metals (such as in mine tailings)

7. Light lets you see! • Interaction of light with matter is very simple, that’s why scientists use it. • How is light used to “look” at matter? • Light interacting with the surface of a sample does one of three things. The light is… • Absorbed • Reflected or Scattered • Refracted into frequency sub-components • And more …

8. Synchrotron Light “Brightness” Millions of times brighter than sunlight!

9. angstrom millimetre micron Electromagnetic Spectrum

10. White Light How are different types of light selected? longer wavelengths (red) are bent less than shorter wavelengths (violet) Much like a prism bends sunlight into its different colours, beamlines select synchrotron light into frequency components

11. Canadian Light Source Inc. Vision • To advance Canadian scientific and industrial capabilities by operating the Canadian Light Source facility as the national synchrotron research and development centre of excellence.

12. The Canadian Light Source Facility

13. Synchrotron Hall, Main Floor

14. & Pending Newer Facilities; UK & France Spain +1 Germany ESRF Sweden Switzerland Italy +1 USA x2 CLSI China Australia +1 Japan Taiwan Korea Older Systems;

15. Synchrotron Operations 1. E-gun & Linear Accelerator

16. Electron Gun

17. Electron Gun • E-gun uses 220,000 V DC power to heat up a tungsten oxide “button” which emits a small stream of electrons into a vacuum tube. • These electrons are sped up in the linear accelerator to nearly the speed of light using microwave technology.

18. Synchrotron Operations 1. E-gun & Linear Accelerator 2. Transfer Line & Booster Ring

19. Transfer Line

20. Booster Ring

21. Booster Ring • The beam of electrons that enters the booster ring is roughly the same thickness as a human hair • In the booster ring microwaves further accelerate the power of the electron stream from 250 meV to 2900 meV (equivalent to 2 billion flashlight batteries)

22. Synchrotron Operations 1. E-gun & Linear Accelerator 2. Transfer Line & Booster Ring 3. Storage Ring

23. Storage Ring

24. Storage Ring • The electrons circulate around the storage ring where large magnets manipulate and bend them • A natural result of these manipulations is extremely brilliant light called … • Synchrotron Light

25. Synchrotron Magnets From: Synchrotron Radiation Sources A Primer, H. Winick, 1994

26. Synchrotron Operations 1. E-gun & Linear Accelerator 2. Transfer Line & Booster Ring 3. Storage Ring 4. Beamlines & End Stations

27. Notional Beamline & End Station Layout ASI

28. Beam Lines • Beams of synchrotron light are filtered to select the appropriate wavelength to answer specific questions. • Scientists can observe the interaction between the light and the molecules in samples. • Incredible amounts of data can be recorded from these experiments.

29. Beamline pix Brett Moldovan U of S/Cameco

30. First Light – photo taken Dec 9th

31. Applications • Advanced Materials • Hybrid materials Stress Transistors Foams • Coatings, fibers, polymers, tires, fuel cells, pulp/paper, welding • IT, storage, semi-conductors, sensors • Micro-electrical-mechanical-optical-fluidic systems (nano-enabling)

32. R –OS SO– R PZnP R –OS SO– R Materials… Antiwear Films • Zn Dialkyl dithiphosphate(R = Alkyl or Aryl) • Decomposes on metal surfaces in sliding contact • ZDDP  Polyphosphates + Sulfides • Anti-wear & Anti-oxidant • Reduces friction, wear & corrosion • Improving environmental additives of lubricants

33. Materials… Anti-wear Films Low earth orbit is a harsh environment. Synchrotrons help research chemistry for self-healing satellite coatings (Phosphorus based coating react with atomic Oxygen to form a glass film)

34. DND Materials… Better Paints Airplanes last longer with higher quality paints Synchrotron research can assist in designing paints & coatings that reduce corrosion Heiney & Butera, DND

35. Materials…Nano-technology Can micro-machines make our lives better? Sandia National Labs UW-Madison

36. Applications • Environmental Geo-chemistry • Earth Sciences Geology • Bio-availability, foods, stability analysis, industrial processing • Oil tribology, corrosion, soils in situ, fingerprinting, energy • Remediation assessments, mining, waste management

37. Environmental… What is the nature of heavy metals in mine tailings? Synchrotron light can analyze exact forms of heavy metals, to demonstrate stability or bio-availability, & the potential to leach into ground water Arsenic? Lead? Selenium? … Clean-up! Brett Moldovan U of S/Cameco

38. Applications • Life Sciences & Pharmaceutical • Health Agriculture Biotech • Designer molecules for next generation drugs • Biomedical imaging; cell chemistry; implantable devices • Genome & proteomics; treatment therapies

39. “Biology of Systems”Function of Protein Molecules in Cells ESRF

40. Hemoglobin Studies Thousands of atoms in hemoglobin molecules “communicate” with each other, using vibrational energy – to know when to “drop off” or “pick up” oxygen molecules STCC Foundation Press

41. Functionality of Proteins; Proteomics Overactive PCK protein increases glucose production in diabetes Carbohydrate binding protein used to identify O-type blood Dr Gerald Audette, USask

42. Applications in Plant Sciences • Study of structure and function of plant proteins • Analyzing structural and chemical features in plants and grain. • Distribution patterns of minerals in healthy and sick plants • Chemistry of toxic elements in plants

43. Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana The most important spruce defoliator in Canada and Northern US can be killed with the CryIAa protein. The most important spruce defoliator in Canada and Northern US can be killed with the CryIAa protein. Protein Crystallography – Bt proteins Spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana Spruce budworm, the most important spruce defoliator in Canada and the Northern USA can be killed with Cry1Aa Bt endotoxin protein Grochulski and Masson 2003 The most important spruce defoliator in Canada and Northern US can be killed with the CryIAa protein. The most important spruce defoliator in Canada and Northern US can be killed with the CryIAa protein.

44. Chemical Composition of Barley Barley (Harrington 2000-BI-704) 1510 cm-1 lignan 1650 cm-1 amide I 1180-1000 cm-1 total CHO 1246 cm-1 cellulose 1738 cm-1 lipid (C=O ester) Light Microscope Image IR Spectra Individual Spot False Colour Intensity Map 3D Intensity Map SSI ADF Yu et al. 2003. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51: 6062-6067 False Colour Scale

45. Disease Resistance: Take-All • Results: Mn2+ in clear agar, Mn4+ around dark infected roots Schulze et al., 1995

46. Medical Imaging in Europe Original patient chair for diagnostic, cellular scans, & full-body treatments, at ESRF in France ESRF

47. Synchrotron Medical ImagingX-ray Techniques of a Mouse Alveoli SPring-8

48. Apparent Absorption Apparent Refraction Human Finger 900 Dr. William Thomlinson, CLS Energy = 20keV

49. Initial Capital Funding – $140.9M“New capital” portion of $173.5M total project value

50. Peer Reviewed Access (by project or block time) First-come-first-served Commercial Collaborations academic, gov’t, industry Commercial Proprietary Academic self-serve; including beamteam members Academic fee-for-service Funded by Granting Councils Funding Sources Reviewed Full cost recoverable May also recover operations costs & some overheads (case-by-case formulae…) Fee-for-service price, quick-response, dedicated “FedEx” turn-key model $$ Consumables, travel, admin Data Academic Access infers “Intent to Publish” Collaborations intend to selectively publish, with some controls (IP & processes in agreements) Fully Confidential; IP Owned by industry; “buying photons”… up to turn-key services CLSI types of “Customer Access”