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Chapter 18

Chapter 18. Classification. 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity. Taxonomy- using a classification system to name and group organisms What is a bird?. Carolus Linnaeus Binomial nomenclature- each species is assigned a two-part scientific name Genus, Species Ursus arctos. Ursus arctos

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Chapter 18

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  1. Chapter 18 Classification

  2. 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity • Taxonomy- using a classification system to name and group organisms • What is a bird?

  3. Carolus Linnaeus • Binomial nomenclature- each species is assigned a two-part scientific name • Genus, Species Ursusarctos

  4. Ursusarctos Ursusmaritimus Ailuropodamelanoleuca

  5. Taxons Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia Order- Primates Family- Hominidae Genus- Homo Species- sapiens

  6. Taxons Kingdom- Animalia

  7. Taxons Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata

  8. Taxons Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia

  9. Taxons Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia Order- Carnivora

  10. Taxons Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia Order- Carnivora Family- Ursidae

  11. Taxons Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia Order- Carnivora Family- Ursidae Genus- Ursus

  12. Taxons Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia Order- Carnivora Family- Ursidae Genus- Ursus Species- arctos

  13. 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification Which similarities are most important?

  14. Evolutionary Classification • Phylogeny- grouping of organisms into categories based on evolutionary descent • Not physical characteristics

  15. Cladogram • Cladogram- a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms • Derived characteristics- traits that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not its older members

  16. Similarities in DNA and RNA • Similarities in DNA can be used to determine classification and evolutionary relationships • Myosin: a protein found in human muscles and in yeasts that allow internal cell parts to move

  17. More similarities- more recently shared a common ancestor • Less similarities- further back in time shared a common ancestor African vulture American vulture Stork

  18. Molecular Clocks Molecular clock- uses DNA comparison to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently Mutations- effect (positive or negative) or no effect Neutral mutations accumulate at the same rate

  19. Clock variation • Some genes accumulate mutations at a faster rate than others

  20. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • 3 Domains • Bacteria • Archaea • Eukarya

  21. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • 6 Kingdoms • Eubacteria • Achaebacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia • 3 Domains • Bacteria • Archaea • Eukarya

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