The Cold War in Asia 1949-1975

1. The Cold War in Asia1949-1975 AP European History Androstic 2012-2013

2. China

3. Explain the events that led to the establishment of communism in China: Chiang Kai-shek: Nationalist Party leader Backed by the United States Mao Zedong: Communist Party leader Backed by Chinese People

4. After World War II • After World War II, Mao Zedong and his communist party took power • Proclaimed “People's Republic of China” • Nationalist forces fled to the island of Taiwan -"Republic of China”

5. People’s Republic of China Tried to follow Stalin’s program 1956 “Hundred Flowers Bloom” 1957 “Great Leap Forward” 1966 - 1969 “Cultural Revolution” Killed 60-100 million

6. Foreign Affairs Invaded Tibet in 1950 Broke with the USSR in 1962 Resented the USA over Taiwan USA refused to seat China at the UN 1971 - Ping-Pong Diplomacy USA and China begin a thaw

7. Deng Xiaoping Four Modernizations Opened China to limited capitalism “It doesn’t matter whether the cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice.” 1989 Tiananmen Square protests

8. Korean War

9. Identify events that caused the Korean War: Korea divided following WWII: -North – Soviet controlled-South – American controlled North invades across the border, the 38th parallel (in June 1950) U.S. and UN support South Korea (trying to contain communism), calling the North an “aggressor nation.”

10. Explain the events that took place during the Korean War: The U.S. and South Korea faced major setbacks early, giving up almost all of South Korea by September. In mid-September, the U.S./UN forces launched a counterattack led by General Douglas MacArthur at Inch’on, and pushed the North Koreans close to the Chinese border. In November, China entered the war for North Korea, and helped the communist North regain momentum, re-establishing a border near the 38th parallel (the original border). By the summer of 1951, the sides were locked in a stalemate, continuing for almost two year. In 1953, negotiators agreed to an armistice, with Korea being divided into two nations around the 38th parallel- the original border. The war left 54,000 Americans dead, 103,000 wounded.

11. Vietnam War

12. Motivations for U.S. Involvement • League for the Independence of Vietnam (Vietminh) • Ho Chi Minh • Dien Bien Phu (1954) • Geneva Conference (1955) • Ngo Dinh Diem • American military advisors

13. Downfall of Diem As Buddhist leaders opposed Diem’s rule extreme protests practicing self-immolation Diem resistance U.S. officials encourage S.V. military to overthrow Diem.

14. Examples of self-immolation

15. Downfall of Diem • Rebels from the military overthrew Diem in early November 1963, killing Diem and his brother before U.S. advisors could take Diem out of the country.

16. Gradually Increasing American Involvement in Vietnam • Kennedy • military advisors • authorized direct combat with Vietcong when attacked • Johnson • Tonkin Gulf Resolution • “all necessary measures” • Operation Rolling Thunder • New weapons – napalm, defoliants, cluster bombs • Nixon • Vietnamization • “peace with honor” • Cambodia • increased the aggression against North Vietnam and Cambodia

17. The Tet Offensive • January 30, 1968 – The Vietnamese New Year, called Tet • Vietcong and NV soldiers attacked cities, military bases, and villages • U.S. held off attacks, but moral victory for communists

18. Recognize the end results of the Vietnam Conflict. • January 1973 – a cease fire • 1975 – South Vietnamese government collapsed • North Vietnamese troops overran the south • Remaining Americans had to evacuate • South Vietnam surrendered in April 1975, and Vietnam was unified under communist rule.

19. Summary China tried to follow the Soviet model, but after Mao dies, it breaks with it Korean and Vietnam War examples of American military involvement for containment, with mixed results