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Nuclear Chemistry : Weapons, electricity or medicine?

Nuclear Chemistry : Weapons, electricity or medicine?. Nuclear Chemistry. Unit Summary

jared-mason
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Nuclear Chemistry : Weapons, electricity or medicine?

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  1. Nuclear Chemistry:Weapons, electricity or medicine?

  2. Nuclear Chemistry Unit Summary This unit will focus on nuclear fission and fusion reactions and the different types of radiation that are produced from radioactive decay. Students should understand that nuclear fission and fusion reactions release an enormous amount of energy. They should also be familiar with the nature and penetration of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.

  3. Nuclear Symbols • First off, you need to know how to write and understand nuclear symbols: • Remember that the lower number is the atomic number and the upper number is the mass number (or, atomic mass).

  4. URANIUM (U) The nucleus has ____ protons (atomic number) Its atomic mass is _________ It has ________ neutrons

  5. The symbol for the isotope Uranium-238: • U-238 has 92 protons • U-238 has a mass of 238 • U-238 has (238 – 92) = 146 neutrons

  6. Protons and Neutronsin the atom’s nucleusare held together bythe “Strong Force” The strong force is very STRONG. It is able to overcome the forces that repel like charges (the forces that say two positives protons will repel each other)

  7. In a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged but they remain intact In a nuclear reaction, such as fusion or fission, atoms are split or fused There is A LOT more energy released in a nuclear reaction than in a chemical reaction.

  8. Three more “bullets” released Neutron → “bullet” In NUCLEAR FISSION, a neutron collides into a large unstable nucleus, causing it to“fission” or split in two.

  9. Fission is a Chain ReactionOne fission releases three neutrons which cause three fissions which release nine neutrons… and so on and so on causing a HUGE release of energy

  10. Nuclear Fission Splits Nuclei

  11. The Uranium-235 nucleus, struck by a neutron, fissions (splits) into A nucleus of Barium-142, a nucleus of Krypton-91, And three more neutrons, Which in turn can strike three more… and then three more… and then three more… and then three more… This releases a HUGE amount of energy, which can be harnessed to make bombs or electricity

  12. Diagram of a Nuclear (fission) Power Plant generating electricity

  13. Nuclear Fusion Two small nuclei, usually hydrogen nuclei, collide and “fuse” or stick together, forming one larger nucleus. Fusion is the nuclear reaction in the Sun and Stars. 2H + 3H  4He + 1n + energy

  14. . Fission Vs. Fusion Fission is the splitting of an atom into two atoms Fusion is the fusing of two atoms into one atom

  15. Radioactivity 11c Students know some naturally occurring isotopes of elements are radioactive, as are isotopes formed in nuclear reactions.

  16. An unstable nucleus emits a particle and energy, decaying into a lighter nucleus of a different element

  17. Three Types of Radioactive Decay 11d Students know the three most common forms of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, and gamma (not shown)) and know how the nucleus changes in each type of decay.

  18. Elements past 82 – Lead – Pb -have unstable nuclei which decay to more stable forms.

  19. Half Life of an Isotope 20  10  5  2.5  1.25  0.625  0.313  0.156

  20. Social Issues and Science

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