HARSHMAN Family History

1. HARSHMAN Family History

2. The Harshman Crest Granted by the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolph II on September 5, 1606

3. The primary source for this material is from: “Harshman • Hashman • Hershman • Hersman Family – A History and Genealogy” Which include two volumes of books as published in 1939 by the Reverend Charles W. Harshman, S.T.B., Ph.D. and then revised in 1976 by Colonel Clarence C. Harshman (retired) and Mavourneen Harshman with editorial assistance from Jim and Sandra Rogers. Other data was collected from the websites of Harshman Cemetery in Riverside, Ohio and Woodland Cemetery in Dayton, Ohio. Every effort has been made to achieve accuracy. However, there are some conflicting data (even within the two books) and as a result, there may be some confusion. For example, dates, spelling of names, number of children, etc. Richard B. Meyers June 2010

4. To view this family tree with additional clarity, increase the view of this page to 150% (view mode.)

5. THE NAME The surname the Four Immigrant Brothers bore when they came to America was "Hirschmann.” This is the spelling of their name in the several documents recording their arrival in Philadelphia and is the spelling still used by the family in Germany. The German word "Hirsch" means stag and "mann" means man, so the name translates literally as "Stag-man." The origin of the name is lost in the dim, distant part, but it probably arose from some connection with the care and protection of the private herds maintained for hunting by some ruler. A rearing stag is the main feature of nearly all of the coats-of-arms granted by various rulers to different branches of the Hirschmann family in Germany. While occasionally used to refer to all deer in general, the word "Hirsch" more properly refers to the stag, the male deer with antlers, other German words such as "Reh," "Hinde," etc., being commonly used to refer to does or to deer in general. The surname Hirschmann, which in German is pronounced like "Hearshmahn" would be pronounced in English, was soon Americanized to Hershman or Harshman by Andreas, Mattheus Ulrich and Ulrich and the given names Andreas and Mattheus to their equivalents, Andrew and Matthias. Ulrich is spelled the same in German and in English-but is pronounced somewhat differently. Johann Adam may have retained the Hirschmann form until death, but in the 1790 census the name of his widow was shown as Hershman. (And then, Andrew's name was listed as Hersman and that of Matthias Ulrich as Hiersman.) It must be kept in mind that very few of the German immigrants of that day could read or write or even sign their own names in German. (Matthias Ulrich was an exception to this last, as he could at least sign his name in German.) Also, the areas to which they came had been settled much earlier by English immigrants so that nearly all the lawyers and official clerks were of English descent, and they entered the names of the German settlers in the records and documents as they sounded to them. During the process of Americanization many different forms of the surname ap­peared in official documents and records. The deeds used in 1798 to divide Andrew's lands among his sons spelled the name "Hershman.” In the will of Matthias Ulrich his name is spelled "Matthias Olerick Horshman" although the name of his son, Philip, is spelled “Hirshman.” Early records of Ulrich spell his name “Hushman” and “Harsh­man” and that of his son Peter as "Harshmand." Among the other forms found in old documents are Hashman, Hearsman, Hearschmann, Herschman, Harsman, etc., - even Horseman and Horsman. Frequently two different spellings are found in the same document.

6. THE COAT OF ARMS The Coat of Arms, called Wappen in German is that of the Schomdorf branch of the Hirschmann family. Several other Wappens were granted to other branches of the family at various times, but as our Four Brother immigrant ancestors apparently belonged to the Schomdorf branch, their Wappen seems most appropriate. It was granted September 5, 1606, by Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, German King and King of Hungary and Bohemia, who was then at Prag. The document making the grant, called Wappen­brief or Diploma, names Ludwig Hirschmann and his brother Michael, who were then Magis­trate and Bürgermeister (Mayor), respectively, of the city of Schomdorf. Their cousin, Hanns Michael Hirschmann, Clerk of the city of Schomdorf, also signed the application, but his name appears to have been crossed out before Rudolf signed the Wappenbrief. This grant was a "renewal and improvement" of a Wappen previously granted to one of their ancestors. The application states that the original Wappenbrief had been lost by one Hanns Hirschmann, described as "the eldest of the family" while he had been serving as "princely chancellor of the Margraviate of Baden at Durlach." Translation of the Wappenbrief: Imperial Act. Nobilitatis. For Ludwig, the Doctor of Law, and Michael, the Hirschmanns. Dated at Prag, 5 September 1606. So have We to the aforesaid Hirschmann brothers their hereditary Wappen and Clainot, not only confirmed and ratified but also in the following manner embellished and improved, and have graciously granted and allowed them, the lawful heirs of their bodies, and such heirs' heirs, male and female persons, to carry and to use it. Namely, a shield, diagonally divided from the lower left to the upper right comer into two equal parts, the lower red or ruby and the upper white or silver color; upon this, on a triple mounded green base, the middle one somewhat higher than the outer two, appears upright, ready to leap, the figure of a stag with his antlers, in the colors of the shield, counterchanged, so that the stag is white in the red, and red or ruby color in the upper, white part of the shield. On the shield a crowned, free, open noble tourney helmet, adorned on both sides with red and white mantlings, above which appears over it upright the figure of a man, without feet, with black pointed beard and hair, in a long, fitted, belted coat, with attached buttons and turn-back around the hand and neck, which coat follows the colors of the shield, but counterchanged, so that it is red or ruby on the left and white or silver color on the right side, in each hand he holds upright a stag's antler with four points turned outward, that in the left hand being white, in the right hand red or ruby color, on his head also of the shield's colors counterchanged a pointed hat with a tuft of black heron feathers stuck in its turned up brim. Thus have we valued their faithful, obedient and voluntary service to the Holy Empire and to our illustrious House of Austria against the common hereditary enemy of all Christen­dom, the Turks, and that henceforth to be rendered. (sgd) Rudolff von Stahlendoff Ad mandatum G. Hertell

7. THE HIRSCHMANN’S IN GERMANY The Hirschmann’s of Germany are a very old family, first known as a noble Bavarian family, located in the Palatinate. Shortly after 1250 some Hirschmann’s who had been living in the nearby town of Hagenau in Lower Alsace (Unter Elsasz) migrated to the newly founded town of Schomdorf, in Wuerttemberg, about 20 miles due east of Stuttgart. About 1380 a member of this family was Chancellor of the Margraviate of Baden. This Schorndorf branch of the Hirschmann family traces its ancestry back to a governor of the fortress of that city, Georg Hirschmann, who lived from 1430 to 1493. Related families live at Esslingen-on-the-Neckar, a few miles to the southwest of Schorndorf, and in Stuttgart. Another family at Benningen, a few miles north of Stuttgart, is doubtless related to the Schomdorf family, but the exact connection has not been traced. The Wuerttemberg Hirschmann families all became Protestants at the time of the Reformation, in the first half of the sixteenth century, and all Protestants of the name in Germany now are believed to be related to this Schorndorf Hirschmann family. The family seems for many centuries to have been one of character and influence. They were mayors of cities, magistrates, counselors, advocates, professors and men of letters, and some filled diplomatic posts. Among the latter was Michael Hirschmann, son of the great Michael, at one time Mayor of Schorndorf and at another time ducal ambassador of Wuerttemberg to the Netherlands. MIGRATION Our four immigrant ancestors came to America during a flood period of immigration from the Palatinate and southwestern Germany. That is one of the most beautiful and now one of the most prosperous and desirable areas of Europe. One must wonder why they would wish to leave it. But conditions there were far different in 1751, at the time of the Hirschmann migration. The Thirty Years War had left Germany prostrate, her commerce destroyed, her industries ruined, and the whole country laid waste. Entire towns had been wiped out and more than half the population had perished. Other wars had followed and although a hundred years had passed, conditions had not improved much. Taxes were exorbitant and the common people were scarcely able to make a bare living. Hope of improving their condition as to these material things drove many to emigration.

8. MIGRATION (continued) An additional reason for emigration was the hope of escape from religious intoler­ance and persecution which these Protestant people suffered. Even before the revoca­tion of the Edict of Nantes, and much more after it, persecution of the Protestants was incessant and extreme. In the year 1681 William Penn had made a journey through this part of Germany and, seeing the hardships and persecution of the people, had printed and circulated there a pamphlet describing the advantages of Pennsylvania as a place of residence and inviting these distressed people to become colonists there. This pamphlet was now bearing fruit and a steady stream of colonists was coming to Philadelphia whence they were distributed throughout Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. The stream reached its peak from 1749 to 1754, during which period 31,896 immigrants arrived. The usual route for emigrants at that time from this area was to float by boat down Rhein to Rotterdam, then go by sailing ship from Rotterdam to Philadelphia. They traveled by wagon from their home towns to one of the port towns on the river, many of which on the east side of the river were in the Margraviate of Baden. Our ancestors doubtless followed that route, and that they went to Baden and embarked there for Rotterdam may be the origin of the family tradition that the Four Brothers came from Baden-Baden. No records can be found of any Hirschmann’s living in Baden-Baden (the capital city of Baden) during the pertinent period. Some Hirschmann’s have been found in other places in Baden in that general period, but none who can be match with our ancestors, and it is believed it more likely that they came from Wuerttemberg to some place in Baden to embark for Rotterdam. However that may be, it is known that the Four Brothers crossed the ocean on the sailing ship Duke of Wirtemberg, Montpelier, Master, that after leaving Rotterdam the ship touched at Cowes, in England, and that it arrived in Philadelphia on October 16, 1751. The ship carried 406 passengers and the names of the 159 men sixteen years of age or more were recorded on List 176-C. The other 247 passengers were women and children, how many of each not stated. Pennsylvania was at that time a British Colony and King George the Second, who then occupied the British Throne, had a "Preten­der" to his throne to cope with. Probably for this reason, steps had been taken to register upon arrival all immigrants who were not already subjects of King George and to make sure that they all took the Oath of Allegiance to him as King. This is a fortunate circumstance for us, as discovery of this record of the arrival of the Four Brothers is one of the cornerstones of our present knowledge of our ancestors.

9. X X MIGRATION (continued) It is almost impossible for us today to comprehend what a very serious and arduous undertaking it then was to migrate from Europe to America, with women and children in the company and with all the inconveniences and hardships of travel in that day. It is about 350 miles from Baden down the Rhein to its mouth at Rotterdam and our ancestors probably took a small boat down the river for this first part of their journey. From descriptions of other similar journeys of that day, we can assume this trip would require about ten days to two weeks. The ocean voyage in that day was, even at best, one of extreme discomfort and suffering. Each person carried his baggage and provis­ions with him. The voyage was normally from four to ten weeks, but in extreme cases as long as three or four months. There was always much sickness and sometimes many deaths. It was altogether an experience much to be dreaded and only men and women of courage would attempt it. It also meant lasting separation from old homes and friends, for few even hoped ever to visit their homeland again. It is, therefore, safe to assume that our ancestral group came, not as adventurers, but as industrious, God-fearing men and women who sought religious freedom and an opportunity to provide adequately for their families. It is believed that Matthias Ulrich had with him a wife and five sons ranging in age up to seven years. Still another son was born to his wife during the ocean voyage. Ulrich had a wife and two sons, aged about six and eight. Each or both of them may also have had one or more small daughters along, but no details are available on this point. As far as is known, neither Andrew nor Johann Adam had with him either wife or child.

10. MATTHIAS ULRICH HERSHMAN ? -1801 (reportedly 125 years old) • The immigrant Matthias Ulrich Hershman was born in Germany, but when or where is not known. He landed at Philadelphia on October 16, 1751, with three of his brothers. On the arrival lists his name is spelled Mattheus Hirschmann. The group appears to have gone soon to the vicinity of Lancaster, Pa., and apparently while there Matthias became a member of the Church of the Brethren, then called the German Baptists, also called the Dunkards. His brother John Adam remained in Lancaster, married there in 1757 and had a family there. The other three pushed on southwestward, whether together or not is uncertain. But at least Matthias and his brother Andrew settled in the Middletown Valley of Maryland. Matthias apparently settled on what is now the Elroy Leatherman farm just above the present site of the Grossnickle Church of the Brethren. He was one of the founders of the Grossnickle congregation and for many years it held its meetings in summer in the large barn Matthias built in 1763. But about 1770 Matthias moved on westward into what was then Hampshire County, Virginia, but is now Mineral County, West Virginia, where he settled near Headsville on Patterson Creek, just above the mouth of Beaver Run. There he died, early in 1801. The June 13, 1801, issue of The Philadelphia Repository and Weekly Register carried this obituary: • On the 18th ult. on Patterson's Creek, Hampshire County (Vir.), Matthias A. Hersmon, a native of Germany, aged by the most accurate accounts 125 years. He lived upon a low diet and drank but little ardent spirits; had three wives in Germany and one in this country. • The "History of the Brethren in Maryland" by Dr. J. Maurice Henry, published 1936 by the Brethren Publishing House, Elgin, ILL. on pp 232-234, in a biography of the noted Dunkard preacher Christian Harshman II states: • His grandfather, Matthias U. Harshman, moved from Pennsylvania the year (1754) the French and Indian War started. He settled near his old friend, Peter Grossnickle, on a tract of land known as "The Resurvey of Stony Arabia," containing 249 acres. He built one of the largest barns in the Upper Middletown Valley, which was used as a place of worship for about 80 years in the summertime. The original barn and foundation are still standing with some minor changes. • Matthias Ulrich usually spelled his surname Hershman. His middle name was often recorded as Olerick or Alerick. Christian I, son of Matthias, used the Hershman spelling but all of his children and their descendants adopted the Harshman form. Many of Matthias' other descen­dants kept the Hershman form, and some of them dropped the second' 'h", making the name Hersman. The town of Hersman, in Brown County, Illinois, was founded by some of these. One of them, Miss Elizabeth Curry, preserved the traditions of this family in writing. According to her account, Matthias and his wife came to America at an early date and settled in Virginia; they were Dunkards; their son George was born on the ocean as they were coming to this country; Matthias married a second time when he was 95 and lived with his second wife 30 years; he was blind during the last several years of his life; the city of Hampton, Va., stands on land once the farm of George Hershman.

11. CHRISTIAN HARSHMAN I (1744-1816) Christian Harshman I spelled his name Hershman. All of his children and later descendants used the Harshman name. None of the Maryland Harshmans had a war record and none owned slaves, both being contrary to their religious beliefs. But Christian I did become a prosperous farmer, owning several hundred acres of land. One farm of 249 acres known as "Resurvey of Part of Stony Arabia," located on Meeting House Road above the present Grossnickle Church and on which his father, Matthias Ulrich is believed to have lived from about 1755 to about 1770, was deeded to Christian in 1801 by his mother-in-law, Susanna Grossnickle, for a consideration of 200 pounds. Christian owned this farm until his death, but it was not his "dwelling plantation." He lived on a 222 acre tract about 9 miles to the southwest known as "Biegley's Displeasure." This lay in Frederick County on the southern side of Marker Road just west of its junction with Quebec School Road . This is about 114 miles air line east of Locust Valley; 3 ½ air line miles west-southwest from the center of Middletown and 10 ½ miles west from the center of Frederick. Of its 222 acres, 161¼ consisted of the tracts "Nazarite" and "Tick-Neck," which Christian obtained from his father, Matthias Ulrich, the remainder being parts of "The Breeches" and "Pleasant Meadow," which Christian I bought in 1782 and 1791 from Abraham Lemaster and John Jacob Young, respectively. In 1782 Christian also bought a tract called “Tuckott.” On October 8, 1769, Christian I married Catherine Grossnickle, born June 15, 1752, daughter of a neighboring farmer, John Grossnickle, and his wife Susanna. Christian and Catherine reared a family of four sons and five daughters. (One other daughter died at 24 and three other children died in infancy or childhood.) They must themselves have been strong in character, for their children and grandchildren became prominent and forceful leaders in the business, industrial and social life oftheir communities. Only one of the sons, Christian II, remained in his native county. John, Philip and Jonathan went to try their fortunes in what was then the wilderness ofsouthwestern Ohio at about the time Ohio became a state. Three oftheir sisters, Anna Maria, Esther and Christena, either went with them or followed at a later date; Christena went in 1826. Two of the sons, Philip and Christian II, were Dunkard preachers, the latter becoming especially prominent in that calling. Christian Harshman I died October 26, 1816. His wife died June 28, 1831, after surviving him nearly fifteen years. Christian's will, dated August 28, 1816 and probated November 18 of the same year, is shown later in this documentation.

12. JONATHAN HARSHMAN (1781-1850) Jonathan Harshman, fourth son and seventh child of Christian Harshman I and Catharine Grossnickle, was born in Frederick County, Maryland on December 21, 1781. It is supposed that Christian's three sons, John, Philip, and Jonathan, all left Maryland about the same time in 1803 (Christian Harshman II being the only son to remain in Maryland). John and Philip settled that year in Beaver Valley of Greene County, Ohio, but Jonathan went to Kentucky and located for about a year near Lexington. He then returned to Maryland, taking with him some horses he had purchased in the Blue Grass area and hoping to realize a profit when the animals were sold in the East. The results of this venture are unknown. Jonathan returned to Kentucky, but he had no taste for slavery (due in part, no doubt, to his Dunkard religious beliefs) and saw no chance for the abolishment of it, so in mid-l805 he moved northward to Ohio, stopping briefly with his two brothers in Greene County. In August of 1805 he purchased 40 acres of land in Mad River Township of Montgomery County and began the erection of a cabin. In the late fall it was completed and he hung the door and put in one four-light window himself. On February 18, 1808 in Dayton, Ohio he married Susannah Rench, born in Washington County, Maryland November 10 or 11, 1786. According to death date and age stated on tombstone, her date of birth would be Nov. 10, 1786. Susannah was the daughter of John and Elizabeth Rench, and with her older brother, John, was brought by her parents to the Ohio area about the time that Jonathan arrived. Having tried his hand at farming for three years, Jonathan, after his marriage decided against such an occupation for himself. He set up a copper still and commenced making whiskey at the rate of one barrel a day. He soon increased this capacity to over 50 barrels per week, and continued to expand his business until 1814, when he bought the flour and sawmill business of Rench and Staley. He soon increased the flour mill to 400 barrels per week, and moved his family to the location of the mills, which location later became known as Harshmanville. With his brother-in-law, John Rench, he opened a store, which in 1825 they moved to the comer of Third and Main Streets in Dayton under the name of Harshman & Rench. Four years later, they obtained a warehouse at the head of the canal which ran between Dayton and Cincinnati, and in 1830 started the operation of cargo boats down the canal. It was about this time

13. JONATHAN HARSHMAN (continued) that Jonathan’s daughter Catharine's husband, Valentine Winters was taken into the firm, and soon the merchandising business expanded to extend from Dayton to New Orleans. The company name was changed to Harshman, Rench & Co. In 1840 Jonathan withdrew from the firm. In 1845 he formed the Dayton Bank; on May 1 of that year he was elected president, a position he held until his death on March 31, 1850. Susannah had passed away on December 5, 1839. Jonathan Harshman was a man of keenest judgment and prodigious industry. His honesty and good faith were a byword in Dayton and surrounding community where he possessed unfailing confidence of all of his associates and friends. During his business career he accumulated the largest fortune of any citizen of Montgomery County in his day. As with men of outstanding ability, he was not only alert to the welfare of his family, but that of his community by taking a very active part, or served as the leader for any action to advance the growth and progress of Dayton, his own home community, or to contribute to the welfare of people in general. He was a Federalist and a prominent Whig. He represented Montgomery County in the 24th General Assembly of Ohio. When the National Road from Cumberland, Maryland to St. Louis, Missouri was authorized by Congress, Jonathan, with other influential residents of the City of Dayton, sought to have the road laid out to run through Dayton. The citizens of Springfield, Ohio, drew attention to the fact that in so doing, the road would not run in a straight line, and eventually the Daytonians' request was refused. Nothing daunted, however, Jonathan and his associates determined if they could not have the National Road through their city, they would have access to it. Consequently, the Dayton & Springfield Turnpike Company was formed (Jonathan served as President), and they built the access road to intersect the National Road. Jonathan Harshman and his wife, Susannah, are buried in the Harshmanville Cemetery. Harshmanville was east of and just outside the city limits of Dayton in Mad River Twp., Montgomery County. In 1930 its name was changed to Riverside.

14. GEORGE WARNER HARSHMAN, Sr. (1822-1898) George Warner Harshman, Sr., fourth son and seventh child of Jonathan Harshman and Susannah Rench, was born at Harshmanville, Ohio on February 22, 1822. He attended the local public schools and took some classes in a nearby private school, but primarily was self-educated in that, at an early age, he engaged in business with his father. He later succeeded his father in the grain milling and distilling businesses (the latter, he changed into an oil mill), and operated both until a short time before his death in 1898. On September 5, 1848 he married Ann Virginia Rohrer of Germantown, Ohio. She was born December 7, 1829. Shortly after his marriage, George Warner Harshman, Sr. became interested in the acquisition of farms and farmlands. At one time, he held title to 56 farms, and was one of the largest landowners in the State of Ohio, also possessing large holdings in Indiana and many other states throughout the country. In 1865 he built his home in Harshmanville, which in 1969 was still standing and occupied by one of his granddaughters (Susan H. Brownell) and great-granddaughters (Mary Jane Meyers), though the surrounding land has yielded to the "progress" of industry, housing developments, and highways. About 1922-23 the name of the locality was changed from "Harshmanville" to "Riverside." In 1968, the Harshman public school building was razed to be replaced by an apartment project. Part of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is situated on land once held in the Harshman estate. George Warner Harshman, Sr. was a highly respected, conscientious, and industrious man, who attained a considerable fortune. He did not care to make fraternal nor club affiliations. Following the death of his wife, Ann Virginia, on September 6, 1877, he continued to lead a rather quiet life, and when not attending to his business interests, devoted his time to his family. He is generally credited with being the wealthiest man of his time in Montgomery County (as was his father, Jonathan, before him). Besides his milling businesses and land holdings, he was an active trader of negotiable stocks and bonds, and during his lifetime made and disposed of many fortunes. At one time, he held $80,000 worth of South Carolina and Missouri State Bonds, which, in the course of time, became practically valueless. So, he decided to paper the walls of his kitchen with these "souvenirs" of his investment. One of his sons prevailed upon him to make additional efforts to redeem the bonds, and eventually a small percentage of the original investment was realized. At 6:30 a.m. on March 9, 1898 George Warner Harshman, Sr. died. He is buried with his wife at the Harshmanville Cemetery. In his Will of July 21, 1886 and Codicil of January 10, 1898, he named his three sons as executors of his vast estate and stipulated that all properties be converted to cash. Final disposal was made at auction on October 7 and 8, 1919, it being one of the largest sales in the history of the county.

15. GEORGE WARNER HARSHMAN, Jr. (1859-1922) George Warner Harshman, Jr. was born in Harshmanville and resided there all of his life except for a period of about six years immediately following his marriage during which he operated a ranch and cattle business in New Mexico. He returned to Harshmanville in late 1894 and took charge of his father's farming interests and soon became a heavy land owner throughout Montgomery County. He married Eliza Jane (Jennie) Cosler in 1861. While he was widely known in Dayton and surrounding cities, perhaps he was better known to the many rural residents who looked to him for his leadership in every movement of the times for the betterment of conditions for the farmers. Besides his farming interests and land holdings he was President of the Harshmanville Improvement Company for many years prior to his death.

16. Final Resting Places

17. GRAVESITES at HARSHMAN CEMETERY

18. Ann Virginia Rohrer 1829 – 1879 Wife of GW HARSHMAN Sr. Susannah Harshman 1786 - 1839 Jonathan Harshman 1781 - 1850 Mary Harshman Daughter of Jonathan 1816 - 1834 Anna Maria Cost Sister of Jonathan 1773 - 1846 Florence and Amelia Harshman Infant daughters of GW Harshman Sr. GW Harshman Sr. 1822 - 1898

19. John Rench Harshman son of Jonathan Harshman 1818 - 1819 Sam Rohrer Harshman son of GW Harshman Sr. 1851 - 1910 Alice Harshman Miller daughter of GW Harshman Sr. 1849 - 1908 Irene Harshman wife of Sam R. Harshman 1855 - 1898

20. GRAVESITES at WOODLAND CEMETERY Established 1841

21. Alice Harshman Howell Family Plot George W. Harshman Jr. Family Plot (Susan, Georgiana, Samuel and Alice were children of Jennie and George Harshman, Jr.)

22. Son and Daughter of John and Harriet Brownell Daughters of John Brownell, Jr and Susan Harshman John Roselle Brownell Family Plot

23. Historical Artifacts

24. WILL OF MATTHIAS ULRICH HERSHMAN In the name of God amen I Matthias Olerick Horshman of the County of Hampshire and State of Virginia, Being in my Perfect mind and Sound disposing Memory Thanks be to Almighty God for it And Calling to mind the uncertainty of this transitory life and that all Flesh must Once die, do make this my last will and Testament in manner and form Following, that is to Say, First and Principally I recommend my Soul into the hands of Almighty God who Gave it hoping through his Great mercy to receive a Joy full resurrection at the Last day, And my Body I commit to the Earth to be decently Buried in a Christian like manner at the discretion of my Executrix hereafter mentioned. And as Touching Such worldly Estate as it hath Pleased God to bless me with I Give and dispose of in the Following manner, Viz: Item it is my will and desire that all my Just debts and Funeral Expenses be first Paid & as Soon as it Can Conveniently be after my decease ­- Item I Give and bequeath to my Loving Son Christian Horshman One Shilling Sterling and No more - Item I Give and bequeath to my Loving Son Casper Horshman One Shilling Sterling and no more - Item I Give and bequeath to my Loving Son Jacob Horshman One Shilling Sterling and no more - Item I Give and bequeath to my Loving Son Philip Hirshman One Shilling Sterling and no more - Item I Give and bequeath to my Loving Son Christopher Horshman One Shilling Sterling and No more - Item I Give and bequeath to my Loving Son George Horshman One Shilling Sterling and No more - Item I Give and bequeath all the Rest and Remainder of my Estate Be the Same of what nature or kind Soever to my Dearly beloved Wife Eve, to her and to her disposal, to her & to her heirs for ever - And Lastly I do hereby Appoint my Said Wife to be my Executrix of this my last will and Testament, Revoking, making Void and finally disannulling all other Will or Wills heretofore by me made, Declaring & Openly Acknowledging this & no other to be my Last will and Testament. In Witness Whereof I do hereunto Set my hand & Affix my Seal this 8th day of April 1797. (The will is signed by his mark, Matthias Olerick Horshman witnesses: Jorg Marth, Abrm Johnson, Arjalon Price, Samuel Landis.)

25. WILL OF CHRISTIAN HARSHMAN I In the name of God Amen. I Christian Hershman of Frederick County in the State of Maryland, being sick and weak in body, but of a sound and disposing mind memory and understanding, considering the certainty of death, and the uncertainty of the time thereof, and being desirous to settle my worldly affairs thereby be the better prepared to leave this World, when it shall please God to call me hence, do therefore make and publish this last Will and Testament in manner and form as followeth Viz: First and principally I commit my soul into the hands of the Almighty God and my body to the Earth to be decently buried at the discretion of my Executors hereinafter named, and my debts and funeral expenses are paid, I give bequeath and devise as follows: Imprimiz. I give and bequeath unto my beloved wife Catherine Hershman all and singular such parts or parcels of my personal Estate of what nature or description the same may be, which she my said wife may choose to retain, and keep for her use and behoof as and for her dower of my personal Estate, And all such property as she may choose to keep for her own use I order and direct the same shall not be appraised; But the residue of my personal Estate It is my will that the same shall be legally appraised and sold at public sale by my executors at any time most convenient within one year after my decease, and the proceeds thereof to be paid unto my daughters who have not yet received anything or as much as my sons in advance of their Legacy of my Estate. Item I also give and devise all my present dwelling plantation unto my wife Catherine for & during her natural lifetime with full power unto her to rent out or occupy and enjoy the same at her discretion, with all the profits, privileges and advantages thereof as and for her dower of my real Estate; And after my wife's decease I order and direct that all my dwelling plantation or Real Estate not otherwise disposed, be sold by my executors in one year after her decease or as soon as conveniently may be at public Sale to the best advantage. Item It is my will and I do order and direct that my Executors shall sell at public sale within one year after my decease a certain tract of Mountain Land called Ebenezer containing by Patent one hundred and twenty acres, my Executors still having it at their option if they should consider it advantageous to retain a convenient lot thereof for the use of my dwelling plantation and defer the sale there-of until my said dwelling plantation will be sold as before directed. Item. I Give and devise unto my son Christian Hershman a certain tract or parcel of land situate in the aforesaid County & State and called "The Resurvey on part of Stoney Arabia" containing by Patent bearing date and twenty fifth day of January 1805 Two hundred and forty nine acres. Provided my son Christian Hershman pay the sum of three

26. WILL OF CHRISTIAN HARSHMAN I(continued) thousand nine hundred and eighty four Dollars current money for the same, & to be discharged in four equal and annual payments after my decease my son Christian charging himself with that amount in the Registers office payable as above said and to be charged as assets in his hands, and after the payment of the said sum of three thousand nine hundred and eighty four dollars current money The said tract of Land and premises called "The Resurvey on part of Stoney Arabia" to be the right, title and Estate of my son Christian his heirs and assigns in Fee Simple. Item. I give and bequeath unto my son John Hershman and to his heirs and assigns the sum of one hundred and thirty four dollars over and above or exclusive of an equal share with the rest of my children. Item. It is my will and I do give and bequeath the residue of my Estate both Real and personal to all my Children Viz: John, Ann Maria, Esther, Phillip, Christian, Jonathan, Susanna, Catherine, and Christ­ian to each of them their heirs or assigns share and share alike when a final settlement thereof shall be made. Item, and whereas my son Philip received of me in money and property to the amount of two hundred and ninety four dollars on advancement of his Legacy and to be charged with the same when a distribution of my Estate shall be made. Item my son John received of me to the amount of three hundred and forty six dollars and fifty cents in advancement of his Legacy chargeable as above said. Item my son Jonathan received of me to the amount of three Hundred and fourteen dollars and fifty cents in advancement of his Legacy chargeable as above. Item my daughter Susanna received of me to the amount of one hundred and sixteen dollars sixtysix cents in advancement of her Legacy chargeable as, above. Item my daughters Ann Marie & Esther each of them having received of me to the amount of seventy dollars in advancement of their respective Legacies and with that amount to be severally charged when a distribution of my estate shall be made. And lastly I do hereby constitute and appoint my sons Christian and Jonathan Hershman and my son in law George Warner to be the Executors of this my last Will and Testament revoking and annulling all former Wills. . . etc." (The will is signed with the name Christian Hershman in German script. The witnesses are John Young, John Massenbaugh and Joseph Thomas.)

27. Article published in Dayton Daily Journal March 10, 1898

28. The Harshman homestead at 5174 Harshmanville Rd. Original portion was built in 1865 by George Harshman, Sr.

29. Article published in Dayton Journal Herald March 9, 1961 as told by Georgiana Harshman

31. X Location of Harshman home built in 1865 Air Force Museum

33. Secretary Desk Breakfast Room Cabinet Mary made peanut brittle every Christmas on the marble top Library Table Where the Christmas tree was placed How many of you remember these items from the Harshman Homestead? (now in the possession of and used daily by Richard B. Meyers)

34. Breakfast Room Table Remember the corn-on-the-cob contests with Aunt George here? (now used as my work bench) From the Harshman distillery, this has always been one of my favorites. For many years. I savored just a tiny amount of the original whiskey. This was a gift from Mamo! (Susan Harshman Brownell) Now a lamp in my office! The finial that sat at the bottom of the front stairway In Harshmanville. (It is a good place for my caps) Front Parlor Mantle and Vase (The mantle has been painted – It used to be a light green) Now in my bedroom and more………………

35. John Roselle Brownell (d 3-27-1901) Age 61 Copy of Original Induction And Discharge Papers “Ohio 22nd” Union Army 1862-1864

37. Family Photos

38. Sam Jonathan Catherine Betty & Craigo John Susan Mary ? Susan Craig Aunt Georgiana Harshman Harshman Harshman Bollman Brownell Heald Meyers Brownell Bollman Lottie Harshman A family gathering for Christmas at the old homestead circa early 1940’s

39. Sam and Georgiana Harshman Susan Harshman Brownell Circa 1955 John R. Brownell, Jr. Mary Jane Brownell Circa 1915 Circa 1931 HARSHMAN

40. 1944 Mary Jane Brownell Meyers 1931 Bennett Edward Meyers 1938 2008 MEYERS Richard Bennett Meyers

41. The Brownell girls in 1979 Ginny & Leado Betsy & Mike Peggy & Dick Gene and Buttons All girls! In addition to the 5 Brownell daughters: Susan Georgiana Bertha Brownell Harshman Barringer Circa 1953 John R. Brownell, Jr. Jacklyn, Betsy, Ginny 1992 Joyce and John Brownell, Jr. BROWNELL

42. Susan Brownell Ross and Dr. Henry Ross - 1987 ROSS Beverly Ross 2001 Susan Brownell Ross

43. Craig and Betty Brownell Bollman - 1996 The Bollman Family Circa 1948 1997 BOLLMAN

44. Georgiana Harshman Memoirs

45. MEMORIES of GEORGIANA HARSHMAN (1895-1992) Circa 1977 I came into this World in a hurry on a Friday morning, May 24, 1895. It was about ten o'clock with no one to help mother and me but Aunt Sophia. Aunt Sophia was not my real aunt but I never heard anyone call her anything else, and I never knew her last name. She said that I was born with a veil, a membrane covering my face, and it was supposed to be good luck. Dr. Nellis finally arrived; he was a Canadian and had settled on E. Third Street. He told mother that it was Queen Victoria's birthday and that she should call me Victoria. Mother evidently didn't think so, for I never got the name. When I grew older I thought Vicky Harshman would have sounded cute. My very first memory was a white-haired man sitting to the left of my father at the dinner table and on my father's right I was sitting in a high chair beside my mother. I remember this white-haired man going out our front door and I hiding behind mother's apron. It must have been my Grandfather George W. Harshman, so they said that I was afraid of him. My sister Alice, said it was Thanksgiving day 1897, because that was the last time he was in our house. It must have been quite a blow to him for he is the one who named me, after himself and my Grandmother Ann Virginia Rohrer Harshman. I was told he wrote it on a sidewalk and I should never be nicknamed, and I never knew until I went for a birth certificate in 1924, that my name was George Ann Harshman, instead of Georgiana, as I now spell it. I was happy to learn about it as I always wanted a middle initial. It was also a disappointment to my father who already had three girls and wanted a boy. But I guess God knew best for I remained an old maid and cared for my parents until they died. I was born in one of the two oldest houses in the village, where my father was also born on August 19, 1859. The Village was started by my Great Grandfather Jonathan Harshman, who came here from Frederick, Maryland. He was the sixth child of Christian and Catherine Harshman, born December 21, 1781. Christian's father was Andrew Harshman who lived in Germany to the extreme age of 120 years and had at successive intervals five wives, Christian being descended from the third wife, Christian was born in Germany April 22, 1744. He settled in Maryland and later married Catherine, the daughter of a neighboring family. Their children were John, Ann Maria (who married a Cost and is buried in the Harshman Cemetery), Esther, Philip, Christian, Jonathan, Susannah, Catherine, Christian. Jonathan and Philip came to Ohio in 1806. Philip settled in Greene County and Jonathan in Montgomery. Philip remained a farmer while Jonathan became involved in numerous business ventures. They say he traded his gold watch for a whiskey still and started in the business. He met Susannah Rench on Third Street where the public library now stands. She also was from Maryland and they were

46. MEMORIES of GEORGIANA HARSHMAN (continued) were married February 18, 1808. He accumulated a large fortune and when he died in 1850, left two hundred thousand to each of his eight children. That seems to be an awful lot of money for those days, so I am not certain of its truth. I have often wished that I had a picture of his house in the village. They told me that the door on the old office was the door to his house. I have often wished I also could remember more about my Grandfather George senior. They say when he died in 1898, he had four hundred thousand in his checking account. Yet when my father returned home from New Mexico, broke, and with a wife and three children, he made him farm for him with a salary of fifty-dollars a month and out of that father paid seventeen dollars to a John Biblet to help him farm. Mother always said she just had one rocking chair in the house. My father had gone west when he was eighteen; he came back when he was 27 and his father told him to get himself a wife. He inquired of his cousins if a Jennie CosIer was still single having remembered her in his early years. Jennie was now about 25 and still single. He looked her up and they were married and on their way to New Mexico in three weeks. They tell me that they cooked seven turkeys for the wedding feast. Father bought a ranch along with his sister, Alice Harshman Miller. It was 160 acres near Springer, New Mexico, and they built an adobe house of four rooms. My Aunt Alice Miller and her family lived with my father until he married. My Uncle Harry Miller was a conductor on the Santa Fe Railroad; in fact the rail­road ran very near the ranch. My three sisters, Alice wholater married Robert Howell, Sue who married John Brownell and Irene, who married Robert Ohmer, were born on the ranch. My brother Sam and myself, were born in Ohio. Father always said he had two sets of children, the Greasers and the Buckeyes. In the summer of 1891, there was a terrible draught and father lost all his cattle and had to come back to Ohio. It must have made grandfather mad for he hated failures. After grandfather's death, they wanted father and mother to buy the old homestead, but mother didn't like the high ceilings, so they stayed where they were, and remodeled the old home. It was in 1901 and we rented a house from the Clark's while the remodeling was being done. I remember the year for I started in school that year and immediately fell in love with a rosy cheeked and blue eyed boy. I believe I was more in love then than I ever have been since. I often wonder how all of us lived in the house. There were four bedrooms, father, mother and my brother in one, Sue and Irene in another. Alice and I roomed together and our maid Esther Beard and Lizzie Duberstein in another. We had no bathroom either. It was while we were living there that two of our ponies were killed on the railroad track. We had left them in our farm at the old house. Often when picnickers would drive out to the woods, we would let them put their horses in the barn. They left the

47. MEMORIES of GEORGIANA HARSHMAN (continued) barn door open and the ponies got out on the railroad track which ran back of the barn. One was killed instantly and the other walked back to the barn. Father bought us another black pony (he always bought black ponies) but he had to get rid of it fast because it was a kicker. When the big house was finished and we moved back, he bought two more black ponies called Jennie and Lynne. We also had two horses; Kit and Maude. Kit was a pacer and Maude a trotter; they were both race horses. Once in a while we would hitch them up together and they would look so funny, one pacing and one trotting. It was a beautiful village in those days. My Great Grandfather Jonathan Harshman had built a canal. It started at Mad River about a mile north of the village and ended in the village. On the canal were five water wheels, they ran a whiskey distillery, a saw mill, a linseed oil mill, a malt house and a grist mill. Whenever they wanted to clean the canal they would close the head gates, where the canal joined the Mad River. Then the villagers would have a lot of fish and even eels to eat. When my great grand­father died in 1850, his son George W. Harshman, Sr., bought the village and canal from the heirs. Two of his brothers demanded payment in gold. It was scarce in those days but his brother-in-law Valentine Winters, who as a banker acquired it for him from Cincinnati. The two brothers went to New York and played the stock market, losing their money on the famous Black Friday. During the Civil War, the government put a tax on whiskey so my Grandfather George Harshman, Sr. turned the distillery into a flour mill. In the winter time I remember them cutting the ice on the part of the canal across from our house and storing it in the ice house in saw-dust from the saw mill. (We had no refrigeration in those days.) When my Grandfather George Harshman, Sr., died in l898, his heirs divided up his property except the village and eleven hundred acres of land surrounding the village. They incor­porated and formed the Harshman Improvement Co. They put a dynamo in the grist mill across from our house and which ran by waterpower and furnished my Aunt Mrs. Miller, my Uncle Sam Harshman and ourselves with 220 voltage. Later they turned the grist mill into a shoe manufacturing company. It also was run by electricity from the dynamo. Jim Spohn ran the dynamo. His brothers Charlie and Bill Spohn were the carpenters for the village houses and the farm buildings. Harvey Clingman drove the team of oxen. The shoe manufacturer didn't last many years although they made good shoes, it was just mismanagement. In August 1908 my Aunt Alice Miller died, it was a big loss to me for I adored her. We would go fishing and dande­lion hunting and every Christmas she would have the village children to her house for a Christmas treat. Also that April, my father had his first stroke. He was unconscious for two weeks. Finally a doctor from Chicago came. I don't know what he did, but my father rallied and he was confused for weeks afterward. He was only 48 years old and I was thirteen.

48. MEMORIES of GEORGIANA HARSHMAN (continued) In 1910 my sister Sue married John Brownell They were a very handsome couple and started marriage down on his farm in Greene county. About that time I was transferred from Howe and Marow private school to Steele High School. I hated the private school which was on the corner of First Street and the boulevard. I left the traction car at Third and Jefferson Streets and had to walk eight blocks to the school. And I didn't learn a thing. On February 7, 1911 Mary Jane Brownell was born, the first grandchild. And it was about this time father decided that I was too old for ponies and bought me a riding horse. He was a beautiful bay with five gaits and his name was Major. I used to get up at five in the morning and ride him over the countryside. Father always said he would never buy an auto­mobile unless it had a self-starter, so in 1912 we bought our first car, a Cadillac touring car. On February 26, 1913 my sister Alice married Robert Howell. It was a small simple wedding in our home. In March of that year came the big flood. It didn't reach the village or our home but the water was in the fields below us. We had two covered bridges, one near the village and one about a mile from the village over Mad River. The flood took the one over Mad River. I remember we were so worried about Dayton for all communications were nil. So we drove to Springfield to find out about Dayton. After the water went down, and we were allowed in Dayton, we hurried to take food to my aunt Jo Kiefaber who lived on East First Street. I was in my junior year in High School but I never went back. Since my oldest sister Alice had married, father needed me to help with his business. Early in 1914 my father had his second stroke, which affected his speech and it was hard to understand him after that. Going back to the traction line, it was built around 1900 by my Uncle John Harshman from Springfield, Ohio and a Mr. Applegate from Cincinnati. It was called the D.S. &U. (Dayton, Springfield and Urbana). It was a paying concern until they expanded it to Columbus. Then they lost their shirt and went into bankruptcy. But the automobile came in too soon and the traction car was short lived. In the summer of 1914, Sue and John Brownell, their children, Mary Jane and John, Jr. and a maid along with me and Irene and Bob Ohmer went to Cedar Point on Lake Erie. It was while we were there that some royalty was killed in Serbia and the First World War was started. And we also learned that my sister Alice Howell had lost her first child, a daughter, in child birth. During the war years we had two automobiles, an Oldsmobile touring car and a Haynes sedan. Why, I don't know, for garage help was hard to get. I had to change tires and change oil. I was on motor squad duty with a special uniform. One day we were supposed to drive French officers around Dayton. I had the top down on the Oldsmobile and all the Allied Nations Flags in rotation across the front of the

49. MEMORIES of GEORGIANA HARSHMAN (continued) radiator of the car. I really looked classy. Mr. DeMeese ordered me to take some of the officers to the old Miami hotel on the corner of Second and Ludlow streets. An old officer with a bum leg sat in front with me and he had to have a rest. But while he was resting I had a good time with a good looking young officer. After the old man had his rest he wanted me to drive him around Dayton. The most embarrassing time of my life was when he asked me to see the Wright Brothers bicycle shop. I knew it was out on West Third street but didn't know just where. So I told him that it had burned down. In 1916, a Mexican outlaw by the name of Poncho Via was giving us a lot of trouble on the Mexican border so in July 1916, the government ordered the Ohio National Guard to mobilize at Camp Willis in Columbus. Bob Ohmer, my brother-in-law being in the National Guard had to report for duty. And my sister Irene and her nine months old son George came home to live with us. From Camp Willis the boys were sent to El Paso, Texas. Irene and I went down to spend the holidays with them. In April 1917, we declared war on Germany and the boys were sent from El Paso to Fort Sheridan in Montgomery, Alabama, and from there to France. Also in 1916-1917 the railroad changed its course due to the 1913 flood. Instead of going back of our house, the new road would go back of my grandfather's house. It destroyed the most picturesque part of the village. It destroyed the canal, the sawmill, the linseed oil mill and the malt house. We no longer had our little post office with three mails a day. I do not know the exact date that we got our electricity from the Dayton Power & Light but after the canal was destroyed, so was our water power. I do know we got our first electric refrigerator in 1927. Before we got our electric water heater, we had to heat our water from a pipe going through our old cook stove in the kitchen. We had to keep that old cook stove going summer and winter. I often wonder how five women and two men had enough hot water for baths. Guess it was just a weekly occurrence in those days. November 1918, the war was over and Dayton and the country went wild in celebration. I drove mother and father in the Haynes to Dayton see the sights. That Haynes was a crazy car. Every once in a while something in the ignition would stick and I had to get out and rock the car to release it. In 1919, the Harshman Improvement Company decided to dissolve. Aunt Jo Kiefaber wanted her money out of it in order to put her son Warner into business. As I said before the company owned all the houses in the village, plus eleven hundred acres of land. So in October 1919, they had an auction sale in front of the old red barn. Father was too ill to attend the sale but mother did. She bought most of the land and was starting to bid on the village houses when I stopped her. Money was scarce at that time and I didn't know where I was going to get the money for the land, let alone the houses. And cash was demanded.

50. MEMORIES of GEORGIANA HARSHMAN (continued) Anyway I was glad the village people had a chance to buy their own houses that they had paid rent on for so many years. My grandfather's house was put up for sale but it didn't get a bid. Later Mr. Norman Weiffenbach bought it from Uncle Harry Miller and his children. In those days we had our checking account in the Winters Bank and our safety box in the Dayton Savings & Trust. I went to Winters to borrow money but made the mistake of going to Russell Tompert instead of Valentine Winters. He wanted to know about our securities and I was on my way to the safety deposit box when I ran into Uncle Harry Kiefaber. He told me that I could have all the money I wanted but would have to let them have our checking account. Years later when the Dayton Saving & Trust Co. went under, I was glad that I had a little money in the savings department of the Winters. In the summer of 1922, my father suffered his third stroke and died on August 18th, a day before his birthday. He would have been 63. Mother didn't want to stay home for Christmas that year so we spent it in St. Petersburg, Florida. During that year the government decided to abandon McCook Field and establish another field east of Dayton. We sold them 170 acres on which the buildings of Wright Field now stand. While we were in Florida, my brother wired us that the deal had gone through and that he had deposited the money. From that time on we were hounded by real estate men wanting us to buy Florida land. When mother bought so much land at the sale we children let her have our stock in the Harshman Improvement Co. to help pay for it, so when she sold the 170 acres, she gave us back our money. I guess it was a mistake, for Sam, my brother built a ball park stadium and lost all of his money. When father died I could no longer touch his money. Mother didn't want him buried in the Harshman Cemetery and I had to buy a lot in Woodland. On a trip through the cemetery one day she admired a certain lot. I didn't know what I was going to do, but Uncle Harry Kiefaber told me to date the check the day before father died and they would accept it. I remember I had to sell some of my personal stock to pay the minister and nurse. Years before father had deeded our farms to us, but the government said that he did it in contemplation of death and we had to pay inheritance tax anyway. In 1924, Bob Ohmer wanted to again see the battlefields of France so in February of that year, he, my sister Irene, their son George and myself set sail for Europe. We went over on a small English ship, and landed at Antwerp, Belgium. On the ship were a German boy and a Hollander who had been working for the Dutch Shell Oil Co. in Mexico. They were going home on a furlough. Being so soon after the war, the German couldn't remain in Belgium. But the Hollander did. His name was Fred Essers and he spoke five languages. After a few days we left for Paris and Fred Essers followed us there. It made it very nice for me, his only fault was that he got sleepy when he had too much to drink. We spent an entire month in Paris at a very nice hotel called Lutete. It was in the Latin