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Geomatics: Leveraging Geography with ICT

Geomatics: Leveraging Geography with ICT. A R Dasgupta arupdg@scanpointgeomatics.com. Deconstructing Geomatics. Geo graphy + Infor matics Geography is derived from the Greek ' gewgrajia ' – geographia or 'earth-describe-write' meaning 'To describe or write about the earth'

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Geomatics: Leveraging Geography with ICT

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  1. Geomatics: Leveraging Geography with ICT A R Dasgupta arupdg@scanpointgeomatics.com

  2. Deconstructing Geomatics • Geography + Informatics • Geography is derived from the Greek 'gewgrajia' – geographia or 'earth-describe-write' meaning 'To describe or write about the earth' • Informatics is the study of information and computation including data processing, management, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science, information science and social science S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  3. Geomatics, Geoinformatics and Geospatial Technology • Geomatics is the official ISO term • Geoinformatics was used earlier but is now restricted to application of information sciences to geosciences, typically geocomputation • Geospatial Technology is used to describe use of spatial software for applying analytical methods on geographical data S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  4. Traditional subjects What is Geomatics Geomatics is the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivery of geographical information, or spatially referenced information using information and communications technologies • Geodesy • Surveying • Mapping • Hydrography • Cartography • Photogrammetry • Network Analysis S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  5. Why ICT in Geography? • Geographical information is • Large in volume • Graphical – maps • Time varying • Geographical data requires special instruments for acquisition, storage and processing • Geographical data processing is iterative and repetitive • Geographical visualisation requires 3D capability S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  6. ICT and Geomatics ICT • Geodesy • Surveying • Mapping • Hydrography • Cartography • Photogrammetry • Networks • Geographic Information Systems • Wireless Location • Positioning • Remote Sensing • Global Positioning System • Navigation • Digital Terrain Modelling S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  7. ICT and Spatial Data • Aerial photography • Photo interpretation • Stereo-plotting • Remote Sensing from air and space • Digital data • Data analysis • Digital image processing • Digital photogrammetry • Image interpretation • GPS for accurate position location • Total station S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  8. Automation of Geoprocessing • 1970s: CAD adapted to automate map production • DBMS for data storage • Merger of CAD and DBMS – AM/FM • 1980s: GIS emerges • Integration with remote sensing • Integration with GPS • Location based services • Integration with Internet -WebGIS S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  9. Science of Geomatics “Geographic Information Science (GIScience) is the basic research field that seeks to redefine geographic concepts and their use in the context of geographic information systems. GIScience also examines the impacts of GIS on individuals and society, and the influences of society on GIS. GIScience re-examinessome of the most fundamental themes in traditional spatially oriented fields such as geography, cartography, and geodesy, while incorporating more recent developments in cognitive and information science. It also overlaps with and draws from more specialized research fields such as computer science, statistics, mathematics, and psychology, and contributes to progress in those fields. It supports research in political science and anthropology, and draws on those fields in studies of geographic information and society.” - UCGIS, 1999 S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  10. From Image to Information Image processing Image Digitisation Thematic Map GIS Capture Vector Map Analysis Digital Database Report S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  11. Gram Chitra • An initiative of Media Lab Asia, MIT USA and CSDMS to demonstrate participatory mapping • Children used GPS equipped PDA to map their neighbourhood • Data converted to map in GIS environment S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  12. Natural Resources S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

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  16. Gravity Anomaly Map Data from ERS-1 satellite used to create the gravity anomaly map which shows the dome structure of Bombay High S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  17. Asset Management S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  18. Internet Mobile Asset Tracking Network Hub Station Control Centre S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  19. Tracking and Warning System for Fishing Boats S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  20. defence S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  21. C4ISR S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  22. Autonomous Navigation • Terrain Contour Matching, TERCOM, is a navigation system which compares a pre-recorded contour map of the terrain to measurements made during flight by an on-board radar altimeter • Digital Scene-Mapping Area Correlator (DSMAC) systems are often combined with TERCOM as a terminal guidance system allowing point attack with conventional warheads S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  23. E-Governance S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  24. Definition of e-Government e-Government, or electronic government, is the application of information and communications technology to enhance the productivity of legislature, judiciary and administration. The primary delivery models are G2C, G2B and G2G - www.wikipedia.org S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  25. Typical Municipal Issues • Where are the properties where the assessed value increased? Decreased? Is their value consistent with those of similar properties in the neighborhood? • What vacant properties are larger than 100,00 square metre, are zoned commercial, and are within a km of the expressway interchange? • What properties above a certain elevation will be affected by shutting down this water tower for maintenance?” • Given requirements for response time, which is a function of street distance and driving speed, what is the best location for the new fire station? • Is there a spatial pattern (clustered location, time of day, how the crime was conducted) in the recent outbreak of house burglaries? S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  26. Related Functions • Tax (Parcel) Map Maintenance • Standard Theme Maps • Custom Maps • Determining Conformance to Spatial Criteria for a Building Permit • Providing Basic Information for A Building Permit • Public Access Terminal • Network Infrastructure Maintenance Tracking • Fire Equipment Response Distance Analysis S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  27. TPS Maps related with Stamp Duty Info. BAVLA NAGARPALIKA T.P. SCHEME NO:3 Jantri S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  28. Evaluating Route Economics Bus routes and income/day S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  29. Landfill Site Identification Criterions As Per Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) List of Municipal Corporations Existing Landfill Sites OBJECTIVE: - Inputs from GUDC Creation of Geo-spatial Thematic Layers Integration of Municipal Corporations and Existing Landfill Sites in GIS Environment METHODLOGY Geo-informatics Criterion based Spatial Analysis Field Survey Identification and Priortisation of Wastelands for Landfill Sites DELIVERABLES Map Outputs Of Identified Landfill Sites S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  30. Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) Criteriafor Locating New Landfill Sites S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  31. Criterion Based Identification Of Wastelands For Landfill Sites S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  32. City planning S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  33. Growth of Delhi S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  34. Pollution in BMRDA S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  35. Air Quality Map S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

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  37. LOD 3 Model of DA-IICT S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  38. The future S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  39. Simple Ubiquitous Mapping ? S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  40. Augmented Reality A mobile phone equipped with a GPS, camera, an electronic compass, an electronic gyro and a connection to a server S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  41. Ubiquitous Mapping with ICT User Mobile user Mediator GIS Expert Desktop User Mainframe GIS Applications Software Developer Service Provider S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  42. Conventional maps Universal Static Scale model Difficult to transfer reference points from map to real world 2D representation 2.5D for synthetic 3D view Ubiquitous mapping Need based Dynamic As needed Just in time Context aware Animate objects Inanimate objects 3D real world perspective Real scale mapping Scope of Ubiquitous Mapping S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  43. Points to Note • Major paradigm shift: • From a person using a map to find places the person becomes a place on the map • From the Web browser being an application to access content to the Earth itself becoming the browser to access places • Mobile services is the future for ubiquitous mapping therefore convergence of ICT with GIS and GPS is the key • Service provider must have the geospatial database and processing power to be able to deliver only the desired and relevant information • Geovisualisation needs to be developed beyond maps. Maps need not be delivered if not needed by the user • GIS, GPS and all other technologies are invisible to the user S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  44. Conclusion • Less about convention and more about invention • Evolve new interactions and new ways of interaction between data and the user • How about mapping for the visually impaired? • Need to look anew at data analysis, discovery and design • Present data as meaningful information tailored to meet an individual’s need at a given time • Enable community participation in all development projects to facilitate their approval to the changes envisaged • Geospatial industry has to become service centric instead of data or technology centric • The Geovisualisation Challenge: Information must be in a form which is readily comprehended • A picture may be equal to a thousand words but what if the need is only for ten words? • The Device Challenge: Fit the information to a handheld device with or without visual interface. S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

  45. Thank you S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

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