1 / 43

Industrial R evolution

Industrial R evolution. 12-1. Industrial Revolution. Increased output of machine-made goods Began in England during the 18 th century Machines begin to do the work . Why Great Britain . Agrarian Revolution 1700s – farming got better Expansion of land Good weather

janna
Download Presentation

Industrial R evolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Industrial Revolution 12-1

  2. Industrial Revolution • Increased output of machine-made goods • Began in England during the 18thcentury • Machines begin to do the work

  3. Why Great Britain • Agrarian Revolution • 1700s – farming got better • Expansion of land • Good weather • Improved transportation • New crops • Increased food supply

  4. JethroTull • Invents seed drill in 1701 • Sowing seed by scattering was wasteful • Drill spaces seeds at specific depths • More seeds take root = more crops

  5. Crop Rotation • Plant different crop in a field in different years • Improves on three-field system • Replenishes nutrients

  6. Livestock breeders • Robert Bakewell only allows best sheep to breed • Avg weight of lambs increases

  7. 2. Population growth • More food = more people • More people = more food

  8. Enclosure Movement • Fenced-off lands • Larger more efficient farms • More crops • People moved to towns • Labor force for factories

  9. 3. $$$$$$$$ • Ready supply of capital • Invest in new machines and factories

  10. 4. Natural Resources • Rivers - TRANSPORTATION • Coal - FUEL • Iron - MANUFACTURING • Ports - TRADE • Population – WORKERS • Navy - PROTECTION

  11. 5. Markets • Places to sell goods • Colonial empire • Shipping • Demand at home increased • b/c of population growth • Cheaper food • Higher demand for cotton

  12. 6. Political stability as an advantage • No wars on British soil • Positive attitude from military success • Parliament protects business • Pass laws to encourage and protect business ventures

  13. Cotton Production • Cottage industry • Done in a persons rural cottage or home • Spinners make cotton thread from raw cotton • Wove cotton thread into cloth on looms • Competed w/India

  14. Technological Advancements • Flying shuttle • Made weaving faster • Spinning jenny • James Hargreaves - 1764 • Made thread faster • Water loom - 1787 • Edwin Cartwright

  15. Steam Engine • James Watt • 1782 – engine used to drive machines • Cotton mills use steam engines • Didn’t need to be near water • Increased production of cotton cloth in GB • Sold all over the world • Competed with other nations

  16. Coal and Iron Industries • Success of steam engine meant more coal needed • Expanse of coal mining • Puddling • New process of purifying iron ore • Led to production of higher quality iron • GB produced more iron than rest of world combined by 1852

  17. New Factories • More and newer factories meant new labor system • $ = wealth - More money the better • Only make money when factories are open • People work in shifts • Need more workers • Came from the rural areas

  18. Working Conditions • Owners want to keep factories open • 12 -16 hrs a day/6 days a week • Same work week after week, year after year • No minimum wage • New dangers • Dark, dirty factories • Dangerous machines • No workers compensation

  19. Women and children work in factories • Carry-over from cottage industry • Family worked together

  20. Railroads • 18th century – more efficient means of moving goods developed • Railroads • Linked manufacturing cities with ports • Manchester to Liverpool • Created new jobs for farm laborers and peasants

  21. Less expensive transport meant cheaper goods • Created larger markets • More goods sold = more need for goods • More factories and machinery

  22. Social Impact of Industrialization • Population and Urban Growth • Industrial Middle Class • Industrial Working Class • Early Socialism

  23. Population and Urban Growth • Decline in death rates led to population explosion • Less frequent wars and epidemics • Increase in food supply

  24. Migration • Famine and poverty led to immigration • Irish to America • Enclosure laws and industrialization increased urbanization • Growth of cities

  25. Industrial Cities Rise • After 1800, most Europeans live in cities • Urbanization • City building and movement of people to cities • Caused by growth of factory system • Cities triple or quadruple in size • Factories develop in clusters • Built near sources of energy – water and coal

  26. Living Conditions in Cities • Cities in England have problems • Lack adequate housing, education, police • Unpaved streets – no drainage, garbage piles up • Overcrowded bedrooms for workers • Widespread sickness

  27. Class Tensions Grow • Industrialization creates lots of $ • Merchants and factory owners live good lives • Big homes in the suburbs

  28. Industrial Middle Class • Social class of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers • Landowners look down on middle class as “vulgar” • Larger middle class emerges – gov’t employees, doctors, lawyers, managers • Lower middle class – factory overseers, skilled workers

  29. Positive Effects of Industrialization • Created jobs • Contributes to wealth of the nation • Increased production of goods • Raised standard of living • Healthier diets • Better housing • Cheaper clothing • Expanded educational opportunities

More Related