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Radiation Contamination in Fukushima

Radiation Contamination in Fukushima. Mitsuyoshi Urashima MD, PhD, MPH Chief of Molecular Epidemiology, Pediatric Oncologist, Associate Professor, Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo, JAPAN . urashima@jikei.ac.jp. Earthquake 2:46PM. Hydrogen Explosion At 3 rd reactor.

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Radiation Contamination in Fukushima

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  1. Radiation Contamination in Fukushima Mitsuyoshi Urashima MD, PhD, MPH Chief of Molecular Epidemiology, Pediatric Oncologist, Associate Professor, Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo, JAPAN urashima@jikei.ac.jp

  2. Earthquake 2:46PM Hydrogen Explosion At 3rd reactor Hydrogen Explosion At 1st reactor Explosion At 2nd reactor

  3. March 15th 330microSv/hr 270microSv/hr 50 km 255microSv/hr 30 km 20 km Nuclear Power Plants

  4. Earthquake 2:46PM Hydrogen Explosion At 3rd reactor Hydrogen Explosion At 1st reactor Hydrogen Explosion At 2nd reactor Radio-Contamination In food supply And water

  5. Risk Communication by Government This level of irradiation has no hazardous effects on health for now. People think: That’s means some problems later, cancer, congenital anomalies, infertility? This level of irradiation in water and food has no hazardous effects on health if you do not take long term. However, if you can avoid taking, please do so. But if you can’t, it’s OK. Doesn’t matter. People think: This must be quite danger.

  6. Earthquake 2:46PM Hydrogen Explosion At 3rd reactor Hydrogen Explosion At 1st reactor Hydrogen Explosion At 2nd reactor Contamination In food supply And water Broadcast “Close Up Today” NHK Phone call From NHK Water radio-contamination In Tokyo

  7. Audience rate = 14% 2011/3/24 (Thur) 8 – 9 PM

  8. Risk communication Demonstrate Chernobyl as scientific evidence Increase of thyroid cancer in children No significant increase of cancer in adults No significant increase in congenital anomalies What we need to do is protecting children. 1. People outside the area of disaster do not have to worry about yourself. 2. We should have sympathy to the causalities with serious anxiety as if they are our family or friends. 3. If the society be confused and depressed, the situation will be much more worsened. So, we should seek more positive side of things. Try to keep unequivocal attitude to wipe out anxiety and suspicion of the people in their hard time

  9. Power of Media • Many e-mails and phone calls • I felt the atmosphere of Japanese society • had been changed totally after that. 2. Dynamic changes of behavior in such a short period. Go home earlier. People seek behavior: Do the right things, Justice. 3. Things have both negative and positive side. Crisis made us notice what is the most important in life and gave us a chance to change dramatically.

  10. At Home of Prof. Craig Van Dyke Early April

  11. Aftermath of Tsunami, Iwaki city

  12. In a Refuge, Fukushima city

  13. Fukushima city Kouri city mSv/hr mSv/hr 　→　mSv/year 9.5 50 3.8 20 1.9 10 1.0 5 0.5 2.5 0.2 1 0.1 0.5 2011 Nov 5th

  14. Seminar at Fukushima city Health Center For Staffs, Early June

  15. Chernobyl Fukushima Threshold of iodide131 Milk < 3,700Bq/L < 300Bq/L Powdered milk 3,700Bq/L < < 100Bq/L 1 day or 5 days Start 1～2weeks Better ? ? Thoroughness

  16. Report by UN 20 years after Chernobyl accident Incidence of thyroid cancer: 5127 Death: 9 <15 at the accident Incidence of thyroid cancer: 6848 Death: 15 <19 at the accident Fatality： 0.2％ Survival rate：99.8％

  17. Screening of Thyroid Cancer in children Oct, Nov and Dec 2011 Thyroid tumor screening test for 0 ~ 18 years old ECHO Till 2014 March, first 3 years Every 2 years 20 years old Ever 5 years

  18. No nodules or cysts: 2,622 (69.6%) Nodules < 5mm or Cysts < 20mm: 1,117 (29.7%) Nodules 5mm < or Cysts 20mm <: 26 (0.7%) Need to proceed next step: 0 (0%) To make sure ECHO Blood and Urine Exams

  19. During summer vacation, children in Fukushima spent their time in west side of Japan. NGO associating Chernobyl measured thyroid function of these children. Ten of 130 were out of normal range. Mother whose child was out of normal commented to media’s interview “When I was told the results by a doctor, my brain was totally white”. We do not have preventive way for radiation inducible-cancers.

  20. Never before have people been asked to live with such ambiguity. The TMI accident – an accident we cannot see or taste or smell … is an accident that is invisible. I think the fact that it is invisible creates a sense of uncertainty and fright on the part of people that may well go beyond the reality of the accident itself.

  21. Why risk perception is much higher than real risk? Radiation is invisible: Smoking is avoidable because it can be seen. Radiation is not controllable: Food poisoning by pathogenic E Coli was avoidable by heating meat. Children’s issue: Dividing cells may be more sensitive to radiation induced toxicity, theoretically. Long lasting: Not 1 year’s problem, but will continue decades. Uncertainty: We have only a few evidence of low dose radio-contamination in history.

  22. Why risk perception is much higher than real risk? Reliability: The national government is doing little and unreliable. Cancer: People may have devastative image to cancer. Human made disaster: People feel sorrow lost families and friends by the earthquake and tsunami, but never complain. However, people complain invisible radiation before health hazard. Why? I believe people look that this accident is human made but not nature made.

  23. Be an Advisor of Kouri town

  24. I advised we should visualize radiation. Kouri town bought 1.One whole body counter 2.Two machine to measure radiation levels in food and water

  25. I advised we should control radiation. Radiation of drain ground May/13: 21 mSv/h Wash with High pressured water May/30: 1.38 mSv/h High radiation level 30cmlower than the other side Rainwater pool

  26. Lateral view of ground Pile Up Dig Dig 3m in depth, and pile up the dug soil. Put nylon sheet. Sheet Peel superficial soil. Put them into dug hole. Radiation levels reduced to 10%. Till June, schools and parks has been changed into safe places for children.

  27. .6 External dose .4 .2 0 Preg infant 醸芳 睦合 半田醸芳 伊達崎 区域外

  28. Sep + Oct (adjusted into 1 year by 6 times) 1 200 Frequency .5 150 Max3.6mSv/y Frequency 100 0 0 .5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 50 Nov + Dec + Jan (adjusted into 1 year by 4 times) 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Predicted External exposuremSv/Year

  29. Dreams by Akira Kurosawa in 1990

  30. Mount Fuji in Red The film's second nightmare sequence. A large nuclear power plant near Mount Fuji has begun to melt down, painting the sky a horrendous red and sending the millions of Japanese citizens desperately fleeing into the ocean. Three adults and two children are left behind on land, but they soon realize that the radiation will kill them anyway.

  31. Village of the Watermills This is the last of eight dreams. A young man finds himself entering a peaceful, stream-laden village. The traveler meets an old, wise man who is fixing a broken watermill wheel. The elder explains that the people of his village decided long ago to forsake the polluting influence of modern technology and return to a happier, cleaner era of society. They have chosen spiritual health over convenience, and the traveler is surprised but intrigued by this notion.

  32. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Accident of Nuclear Power Plant Health Family with children Mental Three mile island Psycho motor disease Anxiety Depression Chernobyl Fukushima Society Collapse of community, unemployment Disease Thyroid cancer in children

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