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Biology Review for the GHSGT

Biology Review for the GHSGT. Characteristics of Life. Characteristics of Life. 1. Cells 2. Sensitivity (response to stimuli) 3. Growth 4. Homeostasis (stable internal environment) 5. Reproduction 6. Metabolism (transformation and use of energy) 7. Adaptation.

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Biology Review for the GHSGT

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  1. Biology Review for the GHSGT Characteristics of Life

  2. Characteristics of Life • 1. Cells • 2. Sensitivity (response to stimuli) • 3. Growth • 4. Homeostasis (stable internal environment) • 5. Reproduction • 6. Metabolism (transformation and use of energy) • 7. Adaptation

  3. Characteristics of Life - Cells • Cells make up all living things • Can sometimes organize into complex structures • Multicellular organisms have many cells and unicellular organisms have only one cell.

  4. Characteristics of Life - Sensitivity • Organisms respond to stimuli in the environment • A stimulus is a change in the environment • Responses to stimuli include a plant that grows toward a light source, or an animals that flees from a predator

  5. Characteristics of Life - Growth • Organisms change over their lifetime. • This growth may be characterized by: • an increase in size • the development of new physical structures • the refinement of reasoning or behavior

  6. Characteristics of Life - Homeostasis • Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a steady internal state, regardless of external influence • Organisms must maintain an internal environment that is suitable for life • Amount of fluids, salts, hormones, food

  7. Characteristics of Life - Reproduction • All live things must be able to reproduce. • Two types: • Sexual – two organisms create offspring • Asexual – One organism is capable of creating offspring itself

  8. Characteristics of Life - Metabolism • Organisms get their energy from their environment • Metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions within a cell or organism • Includes: • extracting energy from environment • using that energy • Disposing of waste by-products

  9. Characteristics of Life - Adaptation • Over time, organisms become specially suited to their particular environment • Occur slowly over time

  10. Life Processes • Living things also carry out life processes. • Specific events that allow cells to grow, respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, reproduce, metabolize, and adapt • Non-living things cannot carry out these processes

  11. Life Processes • Nutrition- the use of nutrients by an organism • Digestion- the process that breaks large food molecules into forms that can be used by the cell • Absorption- the ability of a cell to take in nutrients, water, gases and other substances from it’s surroundings

  12. Life Processes • Transport- the movement of nutrients, water, gases and other substances into and out of the cell • Biosynthesis- the cellular process of building new chemical compounds for the purpose of growth, repair and reproduction

  13. Life Processes • Secretion- the release of substances fron a cell • Respiration- the release of energy from chemical breakdown of compounds within the cell • Excretion- the ability of the cell to rid itself of waste products

  14. Life Processes • Response- the ability of a cell to react to stimuli from its environment • Reproduction- the process of fission in which one cell divides to form two identical new cells • Photosynthesis- the cellular process in which a plant makes food from water and carbon dioxide using energy from the sun

  15. Characteristics of Life - Quiz • Definitions: • Stimulus • Life • Response • Homeostasis • Sexual reproduction • Asexual reproduction • Metabolism

  16. Characteristics of Life - Quiz • 1. Which is NOT a characteristic of life? • A. reproduction • B. homeostasis • C. sensitivity • D. transport

  17. Characteristics of Life - Quiz • 2. Which of the following is an example of how organisms maintain homeostasis? • A. a damaged skin cell dividing into two newer cells • B. a human shivering in cold weather • C. a crow learning to retrieve a food reward in a laboratory experiment • D. finches in the Galapagos developing different types of beaks

  18. Characteristics of Life - Quiz • 3. A runner eats a large pasta dinner the night before a big race. In this example, which characteristic of life is the runner using to help her win the race? • A. digestion • B. homeostasis • C. sensitivity • D. metabolism

  19. Characteristics of Life - Quiz • 4. How are life processes different from characteristics of life? • A. Life processes are the specific actions that help organisms maintain characteristics of life • B. Characteristics of life are the specific actions that help organisms maintain life processes. • C. Only organisms that show characteristics of life carry out life processes. • D. Life process and characteristics are the exact same

  20. Characteristics of Life - Quiz • 5. List the seven characteristics all living organisms show. • 6. Based on what you know, how would you explain that fact that fire is not considered alive even though it grows and uses oxygen? • 7. Which life processes have to do with obtaining the processing food?

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