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Reaction Types

Reaction Types. Double Replacement reactions. General Form: A B + C D  AD + CB note : elements listed first in the reactant formulas (metals) are listed first in their new product formula as well

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Reaction Types

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  1. Reaction Types

  2. Double Replacement reactions • General Form:AB + CDAD + CB • note: elements listed first in the reactant formulas (metals) are listed first in their new product formula as well • MUST be 2 aqueous reactants forming one solid and one aqueous product for the reaction to occur • The solid product is called a “precipitate”

  3. Double Replacement examples • AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) • BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)  2 NaCl(aq) + BaSO4(s) • FeCl3(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq)  3 NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s)

  4. 1+ ions Ammonium = NH4+ 1- ions Nitrate = NO3- Hydroxide = OH- Bicarbonate = HCO3- Permanganate = MnO4- Acetate = C2H3O2- 2- ions Sulfate = SO42- Carbonate = CO32- 3- ions Phosphate = PO43- Polyatomic ions

  5. Ion dissociation • Many ionic compounds will dissolve in water • They are referred to as “soluble” in water • the ions “dissociate” from each other • Subscripts in a formula from balancing charges become coefficients for the ions when they are in solution (dissolved) CaCl2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq) Ba(OH)2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq) Fe2(SO4)3(s) 2 Fe3+(aq) + 3 SO42-(aq)

  6. What’s in your dish? • Solutions of aqueous ionic compounds do not contain any of the “compound” at all • All that is really present are separate aqueous ions • Ex: what is really present (besides mostly H2O) in a bottle labeled: 0.1M Na3PO4? • Na+(aq) and PO43-(aq) – there isn’t any Na3PO4 • The aqueous ions from one solution can react with the aqueous ions from another solution if they are mixed together

  7. What’s in your dish? BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)  2 NaCl(aq) + BaSO4(s) What’s really “in the dish”: Reactants: Ba2+(aq)+ 2 Cl-(aq) + 2 Na+(aq) +SO42-(aq) Products: BaSO4(s)+ 2 Cl-(aq) + 2 Na+(aq) The Cl-(aq) + Na+(aq) are called “spectator ions” -They do not change throughout the reaction

  8. Reaction Types

  9. Indicating physical state • Letter or two in parentheses after a formula • subscript size • solid = (s) { ice = H2O(s)} • liquid = (l) { water = H2O(l)} • gas = (g) { steam = H2O(g)} • aqueous = (aq) = dissolved in water

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