The Key for Two Years’ Growth for One Year of Instruction: Researched-based Curriculum and Instruction

1. The Key for Two Years’ Growth for One Year of Instruction: Researched-based Curriculum and Instruction Presented by: Quality Quinn

2. State of the Nation • Annual testing in the US • Backlash by certain states • Texas: the tail that wags the dog • Math,Science and Social Studies Content

3. Recent Headlines and Quotes • More than half of California 9th Graders Flunk Exit Exam, Education Week • “It will take at least ten years to reach proficiency for all learners”NCLB • “adequate yearly progress” President Bush • Still Leaving Children Behind Krista Kafta, Heritage Foundation • Reading is the New Requisite for MathEducation Week

4. Recent Headlines and Quotes • More than half of California 9th Graders Flunk Exit Exam, Education Week • “It will take at least ten years to reach proficiency for all learners”NCLB • “adequate yearly progress” President Bush • Still Leaving Children Behind Krista Kafta, Heritage Foundation • Reading is the New Requisite for MathEducation Week

5. How we can help? • Prepare for early success • Prevent learners from falling behind • Intervene for below level learners • Challenge above grade level learners

6. The Model • Rigorous state reading Standards that raise expectations • Reading curriculum aligned to state standards • Quality, on-going professional development for teachers who support and teach reading • Resources to support new instructional strategies and classroom management strategies • Informal classroom diagnostic assessment for reading growth • Maximize the variable of time (Title I) • STATE TEST ALIGNED to STANDARDS

7. The goal of the teacher is to create an environment that allows every reader to move as quickly as possible to grade level reading, without selling-out and just attempting to teach to the test. What immediate steps will ensure growth… I’m looking for growth!

8. The Challenge • 37% of all 8th graders scored below Basic on the NAEP • After third grade, the achievement gap with minority, second language, and low-income learners widens substantially • The prospect of exit exams at the 9th grade yields an increase in drop-outs

9. You Can’t Tutor What Hasn’tBeen • You can’t tutor what hasn’t been taught • You can’t tutor what hasn’t been taught • You can’t tutor what hasn’t been taught • You can’t tutor what hasn’t been taught • You can’t tutor what hasn’t been taught • You can’t tutor what hasn’t been taught • You can’t tutor what hasn’t been taught

10. The Model • Rigorous state reading Standards that raise expectations • Reading curriculum aligned to state standards • Quality, on-going professional development for teachers who support and teach reading • Resources to support new instructional strategies and classroom management strategies • Informal classroom diagnostic assessment for reading growth • Maximize the variable of time (Title I) • STATE TEST ALIGNED to STANDARDS

11. Three Flavors of Assessment • Formal = External Reporting • Scorekeeping • Broad data for identifying specific populations • Program evaluation and budget indicators • Informal Assessment =Internal Reporting • Intervention: Do something differently, immediately (STOP Spray and Pray!) • Progress monitoring over time for individual students • Data used to plan “next move” for instruction • Getting a Grade =Comfort the troubled, trouble the comfortable • Public relations • A,B,C,D,F: Coin of the realm

12. Let’s Demystify Reading

13. Three Muscles: • Early Language Experience • Phonemic awareness and concept development • Vocabulary, academic language and alphabetic principle • Decoding muscle • Three ways of getting meaning off the page • (1)phonics…primary decoding strategy • (2)semantics and vocabulary • (3) syntax and structure • Fluency muscle • Reads a lot of words fast w/ comprehension* • Class libraries of leveled or decodable text • Every day, every reader reading at a level of success of self-selected quality literature

14. News Flash!!!!! • 26 letters and 44 sounds • 17 reliable letters, (letters that always sound the same) q,w,r,t,p,d,f,h,j,k,l,z,x,v,n,m,b, • 4 that are switch hitters... s,g,c&c • 3 that are pests ...a,o,u • 3 that will make you CRAZY!!!!…i,e,y • Double vowels: oa, oo, ee, ea, oi, ou, au • Blends: ch, sh, wh, st, pl, sl, fl, gl, cl, bl, kl,cr,scr

15. Definition of Comprehension • Comprehension is defined as: • “intentional thinking during which meaning is constructed through interactions between the text and the reader” (Harris & Hodges,1995)

16. Clarifying Comparing and contrasting Connecting to prior experiences Inferencing (including generalizing and drawing conclusions) Predicting Questioning the text Recognizing the author’s purpose Seeing causal relationships Summarizing visualizing STRATEGIES

17. Struggling Older Reader • Incomplete beginning reading instruction • Lacks metacognitive strategies • Limited prior knowledge • Limited word study skills and spelling • No text available at level of success • No adults modeling reading • No history of reading success

18. Five Keys to No Child Left Behind • Vertical team study of pre-k-4 reading curriculum with evidence of student work • Phonemic Awareness &Phonics training for pre-k through 5rd grade teachers • Vocabulary instruction training geared more toward “word harvest” • Ready availability of compelling leveled text with conditional assessment • Classroom management strategies that provide intensity and focus for below level readers

19. The Challenge After third grade, the achievement gap with minority, second language, and low-income learners widens substantially • Incomplete beginning reading instruction • Serious vocabulary deficit • Very limited knowledge of text structure

20. Text Structures

21. Language Arts

22. Language Arts • Whose woods these are I think I know: his house is in the village, though. He will not mind me stopping here to watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer to stop without a farmhouse near. He gives his harness bells a shake, to ask if there is some mistake.

23. Science

24. Science • The Hall-Heroult process is essentially the electrolytic decomposition of purified bauxite. In a cell made of iron, a solution of Al2O3 in molten cryolite, Na3AlF6, conducts the current.

25. Social Studies 8

26. TAKS Question • Compare the funding of Jefferson’s Lewis and Clark expedition and that of Ferdinand and Isabella funding for Columbus’ voyage to the New World.

27. Social Studies/History • Although The Confederacy represented the southern states, its army attacked Gettysburg from the North. The Confederate Generals, having spent a tough winter and spring in the Shenandoah Valley, were desperate for supplies, particularly shoes. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, a farming and shoe manufacturing community would hopefully provide the much needed supplies.

28. Math

29. Math • The architect and contractor were conferring over the blueprints of the new ten story parking garage. It needed to be ten floors and have space for compact cars. Each floor required twenty-two “I” beams, plus one additional beam for each additional floor after the first. Determine the number of of “I” beams and show a possible structural configuration.

30. Registers of Language –R. Payne • Frozen: Language that is always the same • Formal: Standard sentence syntax of work and school. • Consultative: Formal register when used with conversation. Discourse patterns slightly less formal. • Casual: Language between friends: 400-800 word vocabulary. Non-specific word-choice; non-verbal assists determine meaning. Sentence syntax often incomplete. • Intimate: Language between lovers or twins. The language of sexual harassment.

31. Vocabulary Instruction • Concept vocabulary • Big idea words: attrition, populism, hypothesis • Context vocabulary • Words that have multiple meanings: economy, mine, elements, book, state, set, case • Vocabulary structure • Words with recognizable Latin cognates: migratory, revolt, spectator • Jim Cummins-Word Harvesting

32. Teaching Word Attack (phonics) in Science • Con-ser-va- -tion bund-le • Ac-cel-er-a-tion state • Force base • Mass mol-e-cule • Grav-i-ta-tion-al force gas-e-ous • Ter-min-al vel-o-city • Grav-I-ta-tion-al at-trac-tion • Mo-men-tum

33. Vocabulary and Phonics • stench ap-pal-ling • de-hu-man-ize per-spec-tive • in-e-qui-ty el-e-ments • cru-el-ty re-al-i-ty in-hu-man-i-ty • in-hu-man col-lab-o-ra-tion • e-con-o-my hurd-le • shame re-con-struc-tion • em-path-y mine

34. The Old Syllable-the part of a word controlled by a vowel- In English, there are 6 types • Syllable that is a single letter, single vowel, as in a-bout, i-dent-i-fy, e-lec-tric, a-vail-a-ble • Syllable ending in vowel, as in cru-el-ty, • Syllable ending in a consonant, as in al-co-hol, con-su-mer, ath-lete Syllable ending in -tion-sion, as in in-tro-duc-tion • Syllable ending in -le, as in tin-gle, pic-kle, bi-cy-cle • Syllable ending with a vowel, consonant, silent “e”, as in shame, dime, kite, mon-o-tone, val-en-tine • O-le • Que-so • Cam-e-ro-nes

35. …an excerpt • Draped for the formal unveiling May 31 – with only an insouciant topknot and Horton The Elephant’s trunk peeking out – the sculptures frolic on the wide green linking the city library and its four museums that gave wing to the author’s imagination.--

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37. Teaching Comprehension Directly • Monitor the use of the strategy • Offer less coaching as less is called for • Ask what strategy they are using & why, therefore bringing the strategy to the student’s awareness • Give students continued opportunity to observe more modeling • Provide multiple and ongoing opportunities for students to interact w/other using a variety of text

38. How do I teach those strategies? • Decide which strategy you want to model and which text to use • Tell your students which strategy you are going to practice while you read • Read the passage to the students modeling the strategy you are using..think aloud • During real reading, give your students multiple chances to practice • Continue modeling as the genre or text structure changes • Give students a chance to practice without your coaching or support

39. Grammar IS Syntax • The power the lowly preposition • The power of the subordinating conjunction

40. Persuasive • State opinion • Support with clear evidence or examples • Personalize • Appeal to the emotions • Graphic imagery • Structured argument • All to action

41. Phoneme Isolation • Children recognize individual sounds in a word. • Teacher: • What is the first sound in van? • Children: • The first sound in van is /v/.

42. Phoneme Identity • Children recognize the same sounds in different words. • Teacher: • What sound is the same in fix, fall, and fun? • Children: • The first sound, /f/, is the same.

43. Phoneme Categorization • Children recognize the word in a set of three or four words that has the “odd” sound. • Teacher: • Which word doesn’t belong? Bus, bun, rug. • Children: • Rug does not belong. It doesn’t begin with /b/.

44. Phoneme Blending • Children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and then combine the phonemes to form a word. • Teacher: • What word is /b/ /i/ /g/? • Children: • /b/ /i/ /g/ is big. • Teacher: • Now let’s write the sounds in big: /b/ /i/ /g/. (Teacher writes big.) Now we’re going to read the word big.

45. Phoneme Segmentation • Children break a word into its separate sounds, saying each sound as they tap out or count it. • Teacher: • How many sounds are in grab? • Children: • /g/ /r/ /a/ /b/. Four sounds. • Teacher: • Now let’s write the sounds in grab: /g/ /r/ /a/ /b/. (Teacher writes grab.) Now we’re going to read the word grab.

46. Phoneme Deletion • Children recognize the word that remains when a phoneme is removed from another word. • Teacher: • What is smile without the /s/? • Children: • Smile without the /s/ is mile.

47. Phoneme Addition • Children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word. • Teacher: • What word do you have if you add /s/ to the beginning of park? • Children: • Spark.

48. Phoneme Substitution • Children substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word. • Teacher: • The word is bug. Change /g/ to /n/. What’s the new word? • Children: • Bun.

49. What should be done? • Dedicated developmental reading testing preparedness program 5th through 8th • Continued professional development for ALL teachers in reading intervention 5-12 • Initiate on-going professional development in science, social studies, and math reading & writing • Integrate a “testwiseness” curriculum for state testing programs with strong emphasis on the content areas

50. Reader Response • Review the story • Select a sentence or phrase that lingers • Write down two reasons for selecting that • Share your sentence and reasons w/others • Come to consensus • Be prepared to share to group