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The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) Trial

Effects of Citalopram and Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Depression in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) Trial.

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The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) Trial

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  1. Effects of Citalopram and Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Depression in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) Trial François Lespérance, MD; Nancy Frasure-Smith, PhD; Diana Koszycki, PhD; Marc-André Laliberté, MD; Louis T. van Zyl, MD; Brian Baker, MBChB; John Robert Swenson, MD; Kayhan Ghatavi, MD; Beth L. Abramson, MD; Paul Dorian, MD; Marie-Claude Guertin, PhD; for the CREATE Investigators Published in JAMA, January 24, 2007

  2. CREATE Trial: Background • Few randomized controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy of treatments for major depression patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). • No previous studies have simultaneously evaluated an antidepressant and short-term psychotherapy. Lespérance et al., JAMA 2007; 297(4): 367-79

  3. CREATE Trial: Background Cont. • CREATE is the first trial specifically designed to evaluate the short-term efficacy and tolerability of 2 depression treatments in patients with CAD: citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), a short-term, manual-based psychotherapy focusing on the social context of depression. Lespérance et al., JAMA 2007; 297(4): 367-79

  4. CREATE Trial: Study Design 284 Patients with CAD from 9 Canadian academic centers, meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for major depression > 4 weeks duration and had baseline 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) > 20 2X2 Factorial. Randomized. Controlled. Parallel-Group. Double-blinded. Mean age 58.2 years, 25% women R Clinical Management + IPT n=142 Clinical Management Only n=142 R R Citalopram n=67 Placebo n=75 Citalopram n=75 Placebo n=67 12 weeks • Primary Endpoint Change in 24-item HAM-D from baseline. • Secondary Endpoint: Self-reported Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) score Lespérance et al., JAMA 2007; 297(4): 367-79

  5. CREATE Trial: Baseline Characteristics Lespérance et al., JAMA 2007; 297(4): 367-79

  6. CREATE Trial: Primary Endpoint 24-item HAM-D score at follow up for Citalopram vs. Placebo • Citalopram was superior in reducing 12-week HAM-D scores (mean difference=3.3 points, p=0.005) vs. placebo. • There was no significant difference in mean HAM-D scores for clinical management vs. IPT. p = 0.005 24-item HAM-D score (mean) n = 142 n = 142 Lespérance et al., JAMA 2007; 297(4): 367-79

  7. CREATE Trial: Secondary Endpoint BDI-II score at follow up for Citalopram vs. Placebo • Citalopram was superior in reducing BDI-II scores (mean difference=3.6 points, p=0.005) vs. placebo. • There was no significant difference in BDI-II scores for clinical management vs. IPT. p = 0.005 BDI-II score (mean) n = 142 n = 142 Lespérance et al., JAMA 2007; 297(4): 367-79

  8. CREATE Trial: Limitations • Recruitment of participants through advertisements and exclusion of those unwilling to accept randomization, both of which reduced the generalizability of results. • Even though most analyses were preplanned, some significant differences may have occurred by chance. Lespérance et al., JAMA 2007; 297(4): 367-79

  9. CREATE Trial: Limitations Cont. • By chance, more women were randomized to receive IPT than clinical management alone; however, there was no difference between men and women in their responses to citalopram/placebo or IPT/clinical management. Lespérance et al., JAMA 2007; 297(4): 367-79

  10. CREATE Trial: Summary • CREATE trial documents the efficacy of citalopram administered in conjunction with weekly clinical management for patients with CAD. • There is, however, no evidence of added value of IPT over clinical management. Lespérance et al., JAMA 2007; 297(4): 367-79

  11. CREATE Trial: Summary • Based on this trial and previous studies, citalopram or sertraline in addition to clinical management should be considered as a first-step treatment for patients with CAD and major depression. Lespérance et al., JAMA 2007; 297(4): 367-79

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