1 / 23

Classification

Classification. Chapter 18. 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity. Living things must be described 1.5 million identified and named species Identification and naming requires organization Classification systems provide this organization Taxonomy – study and assign scientifically accepted names.

jana
Download Presentation

Classification

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Classification Chapter 18

  2. 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity • Living things must be described • 1.5 million identified and named species • Identification and naming requires organization • Classification systems provide this organization • Taxonomy – study and assign scientifically accepted names

  3. 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity • Common names vary too much • First attempts described physical characteristics • What are the flaws of this method? • Too long of descriptions • Too many varying observations

  4. 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity • Carolus Linnaeus – Father of taxonomy • Developed two word naming system • Always written in italics or underlined • Musca domestica or Musca domestica • First word is the genus, second is the species

  5. 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity • Linnaeus’s system consisted of 7 levels • Domain (Largest) • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Species (Smallest) • Each level is called a taxon (taxa)

  6. 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity • Levels up always group more organisms together • Families are grouped into orders • Classes are composed of similar orders • Classes make up phylums

  7. 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification • Anything above species has been “invented” • How would Linnaeus classify these: • Dolphin • Hermit crab • Sparrow • Cow • Snake • Monkey • Bull Shark

  8. 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification • Phylogeny – evolutionary relationships among organisms • Used now instead of physical similarities • Evolutionary classification • Species in the same genus are more related than species from another genus

  9. 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification • All members of genus share a common ancestor • This can be traced through a phylogenic tree • The higher the level, the farther back the ancestor • The more recent the common ancestor, the more related

  10. 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification

  11. 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification • Derived Characters – characters in recent members, but not older members • Result of evolution • Demands force new innovations • Cladogram – using derived characters to determine evolutionary relationships

  12. 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification • A lot of classification methods are based on appearance • USUALLY, this works…why? • DNA/RNA are similar in related species • These substances are used to make comparisons

  13. 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification

  14. 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification • Evolutionary time can also be measured with DNA • Molecular Clock – use DNA to estimate the length of time species have been evolving • Relies on mutations to repeat • Not just one clock running at a time

  15. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • Linnaeus started with two kingdoms: • Plantae • Animalia • Scientists realized they needed more • This lead to six kingdoms

  16. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • Domains – larger and includes the kingdoms • Three kingdoms • Eukarya • Archaea • Archaebacteria • As more discoveries are made, more kingdoms may be made

  17. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • Domain Bacteria • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Thick, rigid cell walls around a cell membrane • Cell wall made of peptidoglycan

  18. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • Domain Archaea • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Live in extreme environments • Volcanic hot springs • Brine pools • Black mud devoid of oxygen • Lack peptidoglycan

  19. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • Domain Eukarya • All organisms have a nucleus • Consists of four kingdoms • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Anamalia

  20. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • Kingdom Protista • Members have the greatest diversity • Cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi • Most single celled organisms • Some are multi-celled algae • Some are photosynthetic

  21. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • Kingdom Fungi • All are heterotrophs • Feed on dead or decaying organic matter • Most recognizable is the mushroom • Most are multicellular, others (Yeast) are unicellular

  22. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • Kingdom Plantae • Multicellular • All are photosynthetic autotrophs • Non-mobile

  23. 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains • Kingdom Anamalia • Multicellular • Heterotrophs • Mobile • Incredible diversity

More Related