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Ground Improvement Techniques in Geotechnical Engineering

This lecture note covers various ground improvement techniques in geotechnical engineering, including mechanical, physical, and hydraulic methods.

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Ground Improvement Techniques in Geotechnical Engineering

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  1. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERINGECG 503LECTURE NOTE 12 TOPIC : 4.0 GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES09 OCTOBER 2008

  2. LEARNING OUTCOMES Learning outcomes: At the end of this lecture/week the students would be able to: • Understand natural slope and made engineered soil slope assessment which include rainfall induced failure and role of suction.

  3. TOPIC TO BE COVERED • Mechanical Methods and Objective; Stone Column, Dynamic Compaction, Vibrofloatation and Vibro Compaction. • Physical and Chemical Methods and objective; Grouting and cement column • Hydraulic Methods and Objective of Vertical Drain and Preloading

  4. Vibroflot (vibrating unit)Length = 2 – 3 mDiameter = 0.3 – 0.5 mMass = 2 tonnes Vibroflotation Suitable for granular soils • Practiced in several forms: • vibro–compaction • stone columns • vibro-replacement (lowered into the ground and vibrated)

  5. Vibroflotation

  6. Vibroflotation

  7. GENERAL BACKGROUND OF SOFT CLAY Malaysia Coastal Area – Not fully developed Soft clay usually located around the coastal area

  8. The soft clay have been a source of difficulties for many years. The soft soil can cause settlement which can give a lot of problem and damage in several way. This is the reason why Malaysia’s coastal areas are not generally developed

  9. hydroxyl or oxygen oxygen aluminium or magnesium 0.29 nm TWO DISTINCT ATOMIC STRUCTURAL UNITS silicon 0.26 nm Silicon Tetrahedron Aluminium Octahedron

  10. Micro-fabric particles in natural clay. Dispersed Flocculated

  11. Flaky shape Plate like structure

  12. ION EXCHANGE

  13. Ground Improvements for Soft Clay • Stone Column (Vibro-Replacement) • Prefabricated Vertical Drain • Cement Column

  14. VIBRO-REPLACEMENT (STONE COLUMN)

  15. Vibro-Replacement • Also known as stone column. The technique are similar to vibroflotation/vibrocompaction except the granular fill materials which used is sand is replaced by gravel stone sizes ranging from 50mm to 100mm

  16. Soil Layer • Increase in density • Increase in bearing capacity • Radial drainage (help to improve settlement) • Shear strength of soil improve • Reinforcing the soil by applying rigid member (stone column) inside the soil

  17. Stone Columns vibrator makes a hole in the weak ground ..and compacted Densely compacted stone column hole backfilled

  18. PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN (PVD)

  19. CEMENT COLUMN (CHEMICAL STABILIZATION)

  20. APPLICATION OF STABILIZE CLAY

  21. GROUTING TECHNIQUE

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