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The Reproductive System

The Reproductive System. Male Reproductive System. Testes. Epididymis. Comma-shaped, tightly coiled tube Found on the superior part of the testis and along the posterior lateral side Functions to mature and store sperm cells (at least 20 days). Vas Deferens.

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The Reproductive System

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  1. The Reproductive System

  2. Male Reproductive System

  3. Testes

  4. Epididymis • Comma-shaped, tightly coiled tube • Found on the superior part of the testis and along the posterior lateral side • Functions to mature and store sperm cells (at least 20 days)

  5. Vas Deferens • Carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct • Passes through the inguinal canal and over the bladder • Moves sperm by peristalsis • Ends at ejaculatory duct unites with the urethra • Vasectomy

  6. Seminal Vesicles • base of the bladder • Produces a thick, yellowish secretion (60% of semen) • Fructose (sugar) • Vitamin C • Prostaglandins (stimulate muscle contractions) • Other substances that nourish and activate sperm

  7. Prostate Gland • Encircles the upper part of the urethra • Secretes a milky fluid • Helps to activate sperm • Prone to cancer (like most glands)

  8. Semen • Fructose provides energy for sperm cells • Alkalinity (base) of semen helps neutralize the acidic environment of vagina • Semen inhibits bacterial multiplication • 120 million/ml

  9. External Genitalia • Scrotum- • Maintains testes at 3°C lower than normal body temperature to protect sperm viability • dartos muscle • medial septum divides scrotum into two chambers

  10. Cont.. • Penis • Regions of the penis • Shaft • Glans penis • Prepuce (foreskin) • Often removed by circumcision

  11. Sperm Only Human cell with flagellum. Head Contains DNA

  12. Testosterone Production • Produced in interstitial cells • Functions- Stimulates reproductive organ development • Underlies sex drive • Causes secondary sex characteristics • Deepening of voice • Increased hair growth • Enlargement of skeletal muscles • Thickening of bones

  13. Female Reproductive

  14. Ovaries • Structure of an ovarian follicle • Oocyte • Follicular cells

  15. Support of Ovaries

  16. Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes • Receive the ovulated oocyte • Provide a site for fertilization • Attaches to the uterus • Does not physically attach to the ovary • Fimbriae • Cilia inside the uterine tube slowly move the oocyte towards the uterus (takes 3–4 days)

  17. Uterus • Located between the urinary bladder and rectum • Functions of the uterus • Receives • Retains • Nourishes • Cervix – narrow outlet that protrudes into the vagina

  18. Vagina • Serves as the birth canal • Receives the penis during sexual intercourse • Hymen

  19. External Anatomy

  20. Oogenesis

  21. Hormone Production by the Ovaries • Estrogens • Cause secondary sex characteristics • Enlargement of accessory organs • Development of breasts • Appearance of pubic hair • Increase in fat beneath the skin • Widening and lightening of the pelvis • Onset of menses

  22. Mammary Glands • Present in both sexes, but only function in females…most of the time! • Modified sweat glands • Function is to produce milk • Stimulated by sex hormones (mostly estrogens) to increase in size

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