Parenthetical Citations

1. Parenthetical Citations in disgustingly gross detail.

2. Reminder: • We use parenthetical citations to give credit to the people’s thoughts we use. • We give credit for: • direct quotes • paraphrasing • summarizing

3. What’s a Direct Quote? • A direct quote happens when you write down EXACTLY what another person or author wrote, not just when you are conducting an interview.

4. Example • Example: “Green chile is part of my soul,” (McNamer, interview) said a former New Mexican resident.

5. What does paraphrasing mean? • Basically, paraphrasing is when you explain what your source said in your own words. You still have to give them credit!

6. Example • Example: Rule number 76 means you should never take advantage of excuses (East Hollywood High School Manbear Code). • Notice how this gives you the same information that is in our citizenship posters, but a few words are changed.

7. How is a summary different? • Paraphrasing is used for smaller concepts. When you summarize, you take a big idea and explain it in less complex terms.

8. Example • The St. Louis Rams destroyed the Arizona Cardinals winning streak (“St. Louis Rams hand Arizona Cardinals their first loss”). • Notice how we left out details about the football game but still gave our source CREDIT.

9. The general, garden variety citation (from a book): • We see Scout admit that she lies to her father when she says, “I said I could like it very much, which was a lie, but one must lie under certain circumstances” (Lee 128).

10. Two things to note: • We see Scout admit that she lies to her father when she says, “I said I could like it very much, which was a lie, but one must lie under certain circumstances” (Lee 128). • The author’s name and page number appear without a “p” or comma • we know the number is a page • we don’t need a comma, either • Punctuation appears outside the quotation • there are certain circumstances that require punctuation inside the quotation…

11. “Certain circumstances:” • When the quotation has pertinent punctuation in it that change the meaning if omitted • The older waiter in Hemingway's "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" asks himself, "What did he fear?" (79). • But notice, there is still a closing punctuation mark after the citation

12. Speaking of Hemingway… • You might have noticed that the citation didn’t have an author in it! • The older waiter in Hemingway's "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" asks himself, "What did he fear?" (79). • That’s because I already gave the author credit! • Do you see it?

13. Trickery: • Citing the author this way (in the sentence itself) accomplishes two things: • It cites the author (duh). • It varies your sentence structure automatically for you! • this = good writing

14. What about those pesky internet sources? • Cite the author, forget the page number • no pages in cyberspace • No author? Should you really use the site? • if no one takes credit for it, is it a credible site? • If you must, cite the website

15. Internet Example (Preferable) • If you MUST use one without an author, use the article title: • There is no truth to the rumor that al-Qaeda has poisoned the Coca-Cola supply in our country (“Coca-Cola No Al Queda”).

16. Internet example (no title?): • There is no truth to the rumor that al-Qaeda has poisoned the Coca-Cola supply in our country (snopes.com). • Also note that the good folks at “snopes.com” DO take credit for their work • Their names are Barbara and David Mickelson and they do a nice job fact-checking… • Note: • I did not give the complete URL, only a snippet. • The complete URL goes in your works cited page.

17. But again, • Try to use as few unaccredited web pages as humanly possible. • Source validity is a huge concern when the source takes no credit for their work.

18. Side note: • When we do literary analyses, like when we talk about Stargirl • Do remember that characters don’t talk, • authors do!

19. What? Interview sources? • Cite the last name of the interviewee. • Then that it was an interview.

20. Interview example: • As junior students, we were told that this paper is “dummy proof and it’s impossible to do wrong if you try” (Lesh interview). • Note the same rules apply: • no comma • punctuation outside of the parentheses

21. Remember… • Parenthetical citations are just the beginning. Your complete citations should be listed on your Works Cited page or Bibliography.

22. Finally… • If you can out-perform the student on the next slide by creating a song that helps us memorize an aspect of MLA citations either on your own or in a group I will give you 5 points of extra credit.

23. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfambCy5YDE&feature=related

24. Works Cited Blackcatcia. "MLA Citation Memorization Song." YouTube. YouTube, 28 Mar. 2011. Web. 07 Oct. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfambCy5YDE>. "Game Center." NFL : Arizona Cardinals at St. Louis Rams. Nfl.com, 06 Oct. 2012. Web. 07 Oct. 2012. <http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2012100400/2012/REG5/cardinals@rams>. Lesh, Benjamin. "Parenthetical Citations." Parenthetical Citations. Www.slideshare.net, 07 Oct. 2007. Web. 07 Oct. 2012. http://www.slideshare.net/leshb/parenthetical-citations-127716>. McNamer, Anna M. "Interview." Personal interview. 07 Oct. 2012.