CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS

1. CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS Rafael Cid Benitez Eduardo OrtízJaquim Rafael Cabrera Márquez Cesar Demetrio Castillo Leon

2. INTRODUCTION • Alsoknown as Birth control orfertility control. • Refers to methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy. • Can also help prevent transmission of sexually transmitted infections. (herpes, Gonorrhea, Syphilis etc.) • Effective birth control methods include barriers such as condoms, diaphragms, and the contraceptivesponge; hormonalcontraception including oralpills, patches, vaginalrings, and injectablecontraceptives; and intrauterinedevices (IUDs).

3. Advantages of AnticonceptiveMethods • A major advantage of using birth control is that, when used correctly, it's very effective at preventing pregnancy. According to Planed Parenthood, many kinds of birth control are over 99 percent effective.

4. Disadvantages of AnticonceptiveMethods • According to the Center for Young Women's Health, hormonal methods of birth control, like the pill, can cause effects for some women. These effects can include nausea, headache, slight weight gain and in rare cases, stroke or heart attack.

5. CONDOMS • Is a barrier device commonly used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy and spreading sexually transmitted diseases.

6. MaleCondom • The male condom is also known as a sheath, a prophylactic, a rubber or a johnny. • Most male condoms are made of thin latex – a form of rubber. A polyurethane type is also

7. “TheyFit” Condom • The normal condom is usually about 7 inches (18 to 19cm) long, but various other sizes are available. A condom that's too small for you can be quite uncomfortable. • A new type of condom is called 'TheyFit'. The idea is that you measure the length and the circumference of your erect penis, using a downloadable template which the distributing company provides.

8. FemaleCondom • Thefemalecondomlooks like a tiny plastic bin liner. There is a ring round the opening and another one at the closed end – which is the end that goes into the top of the vagina. • t is made of polyurethane, and not latex. So it is unlikely to provoke allergies, and should not be damaged by oil-based lubricants. • It is pre-lubricated, but does not contain a spermicide.

9. Whyto use ContraceptiveMethods?

10. FC2 • In 2009, a new female condom was invented. It's called FC2, and is manufactured by the Female Health Company of Chicago. It is made of synthetic nitrile, which is a form of rubber. Its main advantage is that it is cheaper to manufacture than the traditional female condom, and so could be more easily afforded by third world countries. • Another advantage is that unlike its predecessor, it does not make a rustling or squeaking sound during sex. The noise which the Femidom can cause during intercourse has put some people off.

11. DIAPHRAGM • Is a cervical barrier type of birth control. It is a soft latex or silicone dome with a spring molded into the rim. • For Women.

12. CONTRACEPTIVE SPONGE • Is made of plastic foam and contains spermicide. It is soft, round, and about two inches in diameter. • Women.

13. Birth Control Shot • The birth control shot is an injection of a hormone that prevents pregnancy. Each shot prevents pregnancy for three months. • The shot is also known by the brand name Depo-Provera, or by the name of the medicine in the shot, DMPA.

14. ORAL PILLS • Is a birth control method that includes a combination of an estrogen and a progestogen. • When taken by mouth every day, these pills inhibit female fertility.

15. Birth Control Implants • The birth control implant is a thin, flexible plastic implant .It is inserted under the skin of the upper arm. It protects against pregnancy for up to three years. • This implant release an hormone produce by our body that control different parts of our body • keeping eggs from leaving the ovaries. Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no egg to join with the sperm and making a woman's cervical mucus thicker. This keeps sperm from getting to the eggs.

16. PATCHES • Is a transdermal patch applied to the skin that releases synthetic estrogen and progestin hormones to prevent pregnancy. • They have been shown to be as effective as the combined oral contraceptive pill with perfect use.

17. InjectableProgestins • Isinjectedintothebuttocksorarmmuscleeverythreemonths. • Preventspregnancy in threeways. • Inhibitsovulation • Changesthe cervical mucus tohelppreventspermfromreachingtheegg. • Changestheuterineliningforpreventeggimplanting in theuterus.

18. Vaginal Ring • Are polymeric drug delivery devices. • The ring is inserted into the vagina and provides contraception protection. • Leaving the ring in for three weeks slowly releases hormones into the body, mainly vaginally administered estrogens and/or progestogens

19. ContraceptiveCap • The contraceptive cap is a circular dome made of thin, soft silicone. It's inserted into the vagina before sex, and covers the cervix so that sperm cannot get into the womb. • The cap must be left in place for six hours after sex. After that time, you take out the cap and wash it. Caps are reusable. They come in different sizes, and you must be fitted for the correct size by a trained doctor or nurse.

20. Factsaboutthecap • When used correctly with spermicide, the cap is 92-96% effective at preventing pregnancy. This means that between four and eight women out of every 100 who use a cap as contraception will become pregnant in a year. • There are no serious health risks. • You can put a cap in several hours before you have sex. • If you lose or gain more than 3kg (7lbs) in weight, or have a baby, miscarriage or abortion, you may need to be fitted with a new cap. • By using condoms as well as a cap you will help to protect yourself against STIs.

21. INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES • Monthly injection of progesterone and estradiol taken to inhibit fertility.

22. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE • Is a form of birth control in which a small 'T'-shaped device, containing either copper or progesterone. • Is inserted into the uterus. • IUDs are a form of long-acting reversible contraception, which is the most effective type of reversible birth control.

23. Withdrawal • Withdrawal is also called coitus interruptus or the "pull out method" • Something you can do during vaginal intercourse to prevent pregnancy • A man who uses withdrawal will pull his penis out of the vagina before ejaculation — the moment when semen spurts out of his penis.  • Withdrawal may be the world's oldest way to practice birth control. 

24. Another Video!!

25. Malesterelization • Tubes that carry sperm from a man's testicles to the penis are cutted, blocked or sealed; this prevents sperm from reaching the seminal fluid (semen), which is ejaculated from the penis during sex. There will be no sperm in the semen, so a woman's egg can't be fertilised. • Vasectomy is usually carried out under local anaesthetic, and takes about 15 minutes.

26. FemaleSterelization • The surgery involves blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes, which link the ovaries to the womb (uterus).  • This prevents the woman’s eggs from reaching sperm and becoming fertilised. Eggs will still be released from the ovaries as normal, but they will be absorbed naturally into the woman's body.  

27. EmergencyConraceptive • Emergency contraception keeps a woman from getting pregnant when she has had unprotected vaginal intercourse. • "Unprotected" can mean that no method of birth control was used. It can also mean that a birth control method was used but it was used incorrectly, or did not work (like a condom breaking). Or, a woman may have forgotten to take her birth control pills. 

28. MorningAfterPill • “Morning after Pill” also call the “Abortion Pill” (emergency contraception) is a drug intended to disrupt or delay ovulation or fertilization, which are steps necessary for pregnancy

29. ThemalePill • At present, it's an injection, or an implant or patch, not a pill. • Among the difficulties is the fact that hormones which reduce sperm production , also reduce sexual desire.

30. Natural FamilyPlanning • Natural family planning is a method that teaches you at what time during the month you can have sex without contraception and with a reduced risk of pregnancy. • It works by plotting or checking the times of the month when you’re fertile and when you’re not. 

31. Contraception and menopause • Women who have sex with men and don't want to get pregnant need to keep on using contraception until they haven't had a period for more than 12 months (menopause). • This is because periods can become irregular before they stop entirely, and pregnancy can still occur during this time.

32. The Egyptian Ebers Papyrus  and the Kahun Papyrus (ancient cultures) have within them some of the earliest documented descriptions of birth control, the use of honey, acacia leaves and lint to be placed in the vagina to block sperm

33. Calendar-basedContraceptivemethods • Calendar-based methods are various methods of estimating a woman's likelihood of fertility, based on a record of the length of previousmenstrual cycles. Various methods are known as the Knaus–Ogino Method and the Rhythm Method. 

34. New Methods of Contraception • The vaginal hormone ring • The vaginal hormone ring (NuvaRing) has been tried out extensively since 2001. • You keep it in your vagina for three weeks out of every four. During the week you take it out, you will have your period. • Like the Pill, it contains two hormones. We don't know what its long-term effects will be, especially with regard to cancer. • Because of the presence of the Pill-type hormones in the ring, it should NOT be used by anyone who is at risk of thrombosis (clotting). That includes heavy smokers, especially those over 35.

35. Effectiveness • Most menstrual cycles have several days at the beginning that are infertile (pre-ovulatory infertility), a period of fertility, and then several days just before the next menstruation that are infertile (post-ovulatory infertility). The first day of red bleeding is considered day one of the menstrual cycle. To use these methods, a woman is required to know the length of her menstrual cycles. • Imperfect use of calendar-based methods would consist of not correctly tracking the length of the woman's cycles, thus using the wrong numbers in the formula, or of having unprotected intercourse on an identified fertile day.

36. CondomwithTeeth(Female) • This device is essentially a condom that a woman inserts inside herself. Within the condom are jagged, sharp “teeth”, which will attach on a man’s penis during penetration in a very painful manner. Once the teeth have been lodged into the flesh, only a doctor can remove it – so not only does the man now have a condom with teeth stuck to his penis, but he can now also clearly be identified as an attempted rapist, given that women who were willing participants in a sexual act would probably have removed the device before engaging in consensual sex.

37. Anti-Rape Underwear • Was developed by a group of engineering students in India to protect women from rape. Apparently, this underwear is capable of sending out 82 electric shocks when pressure sensors are activated by a rape attempt, and is also equipped with GPS and can send out an SMS to the local emergency number, as well as the victim’s family.

38. Before choosing a birth control method, think about: • Your overall health • How often you have sex • The number of sex partners you have • If you want to have children someday • How well each method works to prevent pregnancy • Possible side effects • Your comfort level with using the method

39. Wichmethodsuitstoyou • Which method works best for you depends on a number of factors, including your age, your medical, family history, and any medication you're taking.

40. Birth Control in Mexico • Approximately 70% of Mexican women use some form of birth control. • lanned Parenthood international and FEMAP (The Mexican Federation of Private Health and Community Development Associations) are two of the agencies striving to increase education about birth control use in Mexico, especially the rural areas

41. What are the most popular types of contraception?

42. How effective are the various methods?

43. BUT THE BEST CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD IS…

44. AVOID SEX UNTIL YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT TO START A FAMILY, MAKE SURE YOU WILL WORK FOR THEM AND GIVE THEM LOVE AND THE THINGS THEY WILL NEED… LIKE YOUR PARENTS DID IT ;)

45. Also Call ABSTINENCE Is the practice of refraining from some or all aspects of sexual activity for medical, psychological, legal, social, financial, philosophical, moral or religious reasons.  Abstinence is 100% effective and costs nothing, but may not always be a popular choice. 

46. Abstinence in Lifestyle • Although many individuals abstain from sex for reasons such as religion or morality, for some individuals, sexual abstinence is a lifestyle choice. 

47. Religion & AnticonceptiveMethods • Religions vary widely in their views of the ethics of birth control. • The Roman Catholic Church officially only accepts natural family planning in certain cases,although large numbers of Catholics in developed countries accept and use modern methods of birth control.

48. OtherProblems • Because of political, cultural, and religious differences, modern birth control methods are not equally accessible. • This leads to overpopulation, unwanted pregnancy, and economic hardships.

49. Conclusion • Ourconclusionaboutthispresentation

50. Bibliography • http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/birth-control-effectiveness-chart-22710.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_contraception • http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/contraception-guide/Pages/contraception.aspx