Martin Porter WNTI Back End Transport Working Group Chairman Hirotaka Nojima

1. WNTI: An overview of our current work on back end transport issues and the upcoming challenges facing our industry Martin Porter WNTI Back End Transport Working Group Chairman Hirotaka Nojima WNTI Back End Transport Working Group WNTI Secretariat World Nuclear Transport Institute 4th – 9th August 2019, PATRAM2019, New Orleans, USA

2. World Nuclear Transport Institute (WNTI) • Non-Governmental Organisation • Formed in 1998 by BNFL, COGEMA and FEPC • Main Office in London, UK • Global with regional offices and representatives in USA, China, Japan, Australia, South Africa British Nuclear Fuels Ltd (BNFL)  International Nuclear Services (INS) COGEMA Orano Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan

3. Members01/07/2019

4. WNTI Mission The voice of the radioactive materials transport industry IndustryRepresentation at International Organisations Good practice guides & Standards for the industry Factual information – factsheets, websitewww.wnti.co.uk Working groups for industrymembers Thematic / Regional Workshops Agenda topics reflect the membercompanypriorities

5. WNTI BET WG Background Back-End Transport Working Group (BET WG) convened in 2008 as the Waste & Spent Fuel Working Group BET WG exists to support industry through the development of best-practice guide BET WG gathers industry thinking and supports WNTI shaping of future international transport regulation Summer SAMM 2019 in St. Petersburg, Russia

6. WNTI BET WG Focus Areas WNTI BET WG Workplan 2019/2020 • New Types of Waste Package • Long-Term Storage of Spent Fuel and Wastes • Cask Decommissioning • Unpackaged, Large Surface Contaminated Objects • Dual Use Casks • IAEA-TECDOC-1774: Potential Interface Issues in Spent Fuel Management • New IAEA TECDOC: Transport of High Burnup UOX & MOX spent fuel

7. Unpackaged, Large Surface Contaminated Objects (SCO) Background • Transport of large objects has been steadily increasing because of the decommissioning • Sometimes faced with strong opposition from the public, but size-reduction can present risks to workers • ‘Guidance for Transport of Large Components under Special Arrangement’ was included as Appendix VII of SSG-26 (2012) • These transports will become more routine in the future Challenge • Incorporating new methodology into SSR-6 to avoid the potential misunderstanding of the concept of “Special Arrangement”

8. Unpackaged, Large Surface Contaminated Objects WNTI BET WG Action • Contributed to drafting the new edition of the SSR-6 by collecting industry’s experience and expertise Outcomes • The group SCO-III of Surfaced Contaminated Objects (SCO) is included as a new category of material into the 2018 Edition of the SSR-6 • Review of WNTI Factsheet ‘Transport of Large Objects and Special Arrangement’ is in progress to complement the new SSR-6 and SSG-26.

9. Dual Purpose Casks Background • Shortage of NPP/reprocessing plant capacity and/or lack of repository • Opportunity to design and use dual-use casks for both transport and storage • IAEA established the Joint Working Group on Guidance for an Integrated Transport and Storage Safety Case for Dual Purpose Casks for Spent Nuclear Fuel in 2011 (Picture: NRA in Japan) Challenge • Providing guidance for integrating the safety cases for storage and transport in a holistic manner • Incorporating the concept of the dual purpose casks into the transport regulations

10. Dual Purpose Casks WNTI BET WG Action • Participated in the joint working group to draft the guidance • Collected facts on dual purpose casks in industry and reviewed the technical issues around applicants maintaining package approval, ageing mechanisms and ageing management programs Outcomes • The new TECDOC ‘Methodology for a Safety Case of a Dual Purpose Cask for Storage and Transport of Spent Fuel’ was finalised, and will be published by the IAEA • The concept of ‘shipment after storage’ was introduced into the 2018 Edition of the SSR-6

11. New Type of Package for Intermediate Level Waste Background • UK inventory forecasting has identified that the decommissioning of nuclear power plants will generate wastes of medium activity and medium dose rate • Dose rate limit for the contents of Type IP-2 will be exceeded but Type B(U) criteria results in more complicated process Challenge • New type of package that can be used efficiently for these wastes which considers combination of wastes and container performance WNTI BET WG Action • Discussing and considering possibility to formulate regulatory criteria for this new type of package in several ways • How could this be incorporated into SSR-6?

12. New Type of Package for Intermediate Level Waste Type B Typically heavily engineered packages/transport containers  Waste package size/mass constrained due to containment of material under ACT tests  Can be used for high dose rate/high activity wastes Type B Type W New type that takes account of the combination of wastes and container performance  Large waste containers  Can be used for medium dose rate/medium activity wastes Opportunity for new type Industrial Package Little credit is taken for package performance Wastes limited to low dose-rate/low activity wastes  Cannot take full credit for container shielding  Large waste containers Industrial Packages Package performance requirements

13. New Type of Package for Intermediate Level Waste WNTI BET WG Future Plan • Considering the economic and technical cases for new type of package in the UK • Engagement with UK Competent Authority • Scoping study of prospective uses being delivered to context anticipated demand in other countries • BET Workshop being considered to engage stakeholders (Pre-SAMM, December 2019) • Making a proposal for modification during the next SSR-6 review and revision cycle PATRAM2019; 4-9 August 2019, New Orleans, USA

14. Coming Up Next WNTI BET WG London on 4 December 2019 to progress the workstreams. Key presentation on long-term storage of spent fuel (DRS, EDF, SL) New members welcome!! • Add to the intelligence pool and join the debate • Support the development of best practice • Deliver the outcomes / Share the output

15. Conclusion New issues with the transport of radioactive wastes and spent fuels have occurred given the expansion of the decommissioning. WNTI BET WG contributed to the incorporation of the new provisions on transport of unpackaged surface contaminated large objects and dual purpose casks into the SSR-6 through the discussions in the IAEA. WNTI BET WG is currently considering a new type of package that could be used efficiently for wastes of medium dose rate and medium radioactivity from decommissioning. The WNTI will continue to provide a channel for the industry to facilitate the safe, efficient and reliable transport of radioactive waste materials.

16. THANK YOU The World Nuclear Transport Institute www.wnti.co.uk Extensive freely available publications and information.