Personal Computing Software

1. Personal Computing Software

2. Computer • Comes from the word “compute”. • Compute means “to Calculate”. • So, computer is a calculating device. • Perform calculations at enormous speed. • It is a device that operates on data as well as on Information. OR It is an electronic device that takes input from its user,stores,processes data and generates the required output as per the processing instructions given to it by the user.

3. Characteristics of Computer • Accuracy. • Speed. • Diligence • Versatility. • Power of remembering. • Storage Capability. • No I.Q. • No Feeling.

4. Classification of computer on the basis of functions • Analog Computer. • Digital Computer. • Hybrid Computer.

5. Analog Computer • These are those computers in which data varies continously i.e. the movement of data is continous. • These are used for measuring the temperature,pressure etc. • Real Life Example: Mechanical Watch. • Other examples: flowing of electric current and voltage. • It is similar to the sine wave of communication.

6. Digital computer • These are those computers in which data flows in discrete form. • The digital computers are used for measuring the data in the digital form or along with digits. • Real Life Example: Digital Watch. • Other example: Computers that we use today.

7. Hybrid Computer • It measures both continous and discrete form of data. • They are combination of analog computer and digital Computer. • Example: To measure heart beat or ECG system in ICU and the another example is STD/PCO phone.

8. System Software Vs. Application Software

9. Applications of Computer • Business through Computers. • Computers for Education. • Computers in Scientific use. • Computers in Medicine and health care. • Engineering. • Computers in Manufacturing. • Legal practice and law enforcement through Computers. • Computers in theater,film and television. • Computers at home.

10. Business through Computers: Computers are ideally suited to handle primary business functions such as accounting,inventory,payroll and personnel,etc. • Computers for Education: Computers have revolutionized the education field.People from all streams of life now use computers to carry out work for their own intellectual benefits.Computers have made their permanent place in classrooms and libraries where they have become essential to the learning process such as for analyzing,interpreting,seraching and scanning the books,journals and magazines.

11. Applications of Computer • Computers in Scientific use: Computers can be used scientifically to develop hypotheses,collect and analyze data and exchange information electronically with colleagues throughtout the world.Scientists can access remotely placed databases without travelling any farther than the closest computer. • Computers in Medicine and Healthcare: Computers are used for multi-purpose tasks in medical field such as diagnosing the disease,capture and transmit photographs of internal problems such as blood clots,tumors.Several innovative mediacl applications use small,special purpose computers.Fore.g.,pace makers are computers that operate within the human body to help it function better.

12. Applications of Computer • Engineering: While designing a product with a computer,engineers create an electronic model by describing all three dimensions of the object.An object can be seen from a different perspective by displaying different views. Example: CAD (Computer-aided design) is used for designing objects with a computer.CAE (Computer-aided engineering) software allows designers to specify the type of the material to be used for each part. • Computers in Manufacturing: Manufacturing with computers and robotics is called Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) is used to plan the production along with designing the product.Automatic fabrication is also used to enable the designer to make quick changes in design to customize a product.

13. Applications of Computer • Legal practice and law enforcement through Computers: Computer legal services software such as Lexis and Westlaw allow lawyers to search quickly through huge collection of information called databases for case information.Lawyers can create their own databases for cases involving special judgements and hearings.The result of hearings can be seen on the computer screens just seconds after the actual statement is made. • Computers in theater,film and television: The theater technicians use coordinated computer controlled lighting cues to brighten or dim the stage.The motion picture industry has achieved outstanding computerized special effects.Movies now contain many visual tricks that could never be performed without the aid of computers.Computer animation involves creating images of people or other creatures on a computer and then making the images appear to move against the real or computer generated background..

14. Applications of Computer • Computers at home: The personal computers have become common in people’s home for carrying out the record keeping and majority of house hold activities.Washingmachines,micro wave ovens,dishwashers and sewing machines also uses small computers to run them effectively.

15. Memory representation • 1 bit = 1 or 0.4 bits = 1 nibble.8 bits = 1 byte (B).1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB).1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (MB).1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB).1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte (TB). Petabyte= 1,048,576 gigabytesExabyte = 1,073,741,824 gigabytesZettabyte = 1,099,511,627,776 gigabytes