Helicobacter pylori

2. Vibrio cholera Helicobacter pylori

4. Campylobacter jejuni & C. coli Morphology & Identification Gram negative comma, S shapes motile with one polar flagellum. Culture and Cultural Characteristics Microaerophilic, grow at 42c, Skirrows medium. Pathogenesis & Pathology Clinical Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests C. Fetus Other Campylobacters Helicobacter pylori Gram negative rods motile with multiple polar flagella, microaerophilic, oxidase positive. Media: Skirrows, chocolate agar. Pathogenesis & Pathology Clinical Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests Immunity Treatment Epidemiology

5. Haemophilus,Bordetella, & Brucella Group of small gram negative rods that require enriched media, usually containing blood or its derivatives, for isolation. 1- Haemophilus influenzae Morphology and Identification Short 1.5um capsulated coccobacilli and short rods. Culture & Growth Characteristics X & V factors. Chocolate agar. Antigenic Structure Pathogenesis Clinical Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests A- Specimens B- Direct Identification C- Culture Immunity Treatment / Epidemiology, Prevention, & Control.

6. Haemophilus aegyptius H. Aphrophilus H. Ducreyi Causes chancroid(soft chancer) The Bordetellae Several species Bordetella pertussis Morphology and Identification Pathogenesis and Pathology Clinical Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests Immunity Treatment / Prevention, Epidemiology & Control. B. Parapertussis B. bronchoseptica

7. The Brucellae Obligate parasites of animals and humans and characteristically located intracellularly. Morphologically and Identification Short rods and coccobacilli gram negative 1.2 um in length. Culture & Cultural Characteristics Pathogenesis and Pathology Clinical Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests A- Specimens B-Culture C- Serology Immunity Treatment Epidemiology Prevention , & Control

8. Yersinia, Francisella, & Pasteurella Yersinia Pestis Morphology & Identification Gram negative rods with bipolar staining with special stains. Pathogenesis and Pathology Clinical Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests Treatment / Epidemiology & Control Yersinia enterocolitica & Y. pseudotuberculosis Francisella tularemia Tularemia Paateurella P. multocida

9. Infections Caused by Anaerobic Bacteria The infections are usually polymicrobial caused by anaerobic, aerobes and facultative anaerobes. Anaerobic bacteria are present as normal flora on the skin and mucosal surfaces and in high concentration in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Infection occurs when contamintion of normal sterile body sites with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria occurs Physiology & Growth Conditions of Anaerobic Bacteria. Anaerobic Bacteria in Human Infections. Gram – Negative anaerobes A- Gram Negative Bacilli 1- Bacteroides 2- Prevotella 3- Porphyromonas 4- Fusobacteria B- Gram-Negative Cocci Veilonella

10. Bacteroids

11. Anaerobic Bacteria Gram-Positive Anaerobes A- Gram-Positive Bacilli 1- Actinomyces 2-Lactobacillus 2- Propionibacterium 4- Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Arachenia 5- Clostridium B- Gram-Positive Cocci Peptostreptococcus Pathogenesis of Anaerobic Infections Polymicrobial Nature of Anaerobic Infections Diagnosis of Anaerobic Infections Treatment of Anaerobic Infections

12. Legionella & Unusual Bacterial Pathogens Legionella Pneumophilia Morphology & Identification Gram negative fastidious rods 0.5-1 um wide & 2-50 um long, poorly stained by gram stain. Culture and Cultural Characteristics Pathology And Pathogenesis Clinical Findings Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment / Epidemiology & Control Bacteria That Cause Vaginosis Gardenella vaginalis Mobiluncus Streptobacillus moniliformis Bartonella bacilliformis, B- henselae, B. Quintana. Calymatobacterium(Donovania) granulomatis Whipples Disease

14. Rod-shaped aerobic bacteria, not stained by gram stain Three species cause tuberculosis in human: Mycobacterium tuberculosis M. Bovis M. Africanum Mycobacterium tuberculosis Morphology and Identification Thin straight rods o.4x3 um Culture & Growth Characteristics Pathogenesis & Pathology Primary Infection &Reaction Types of Tuberculosis. Immunity & Hypersensitivity. Clinical Findings Tuberculin Test Diagnostic Laboratory Tests. Treatment. Epidemiology/ Prevention & Control Mycobacteria

15. Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC or MAI) Other Mycobacteria Mycobacterium laprae Discovered by Hansen in 1873. Clinical Findings Lepromatous type. Tuberculoid type. Diagnosis. Treatment. Epidemiology. Prevention & Control.

16. Spirochetes &Other Spiral Microorganisms Large heterogeneous group of spiral motile bacteria. Two families 1- Spirochaetaceae: Three free living genera. 2- Treponemataceae: Three human pathogens – Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira. Treponema pallidum Morphology & Identification Slender spirals o.2um wide & 5-15um length. Motile. Culture & Growth Characteristics Pathogenesis, Pathology, & Clinical Findings A- Acquired Syphilis: Primary, secondary, & tertiary. B- Congenital Syphilis Diagnostic Laboratory Tests A- Specimens B- Darkfield examination C- Immunofluorescence D- Serology

17. Primary syphilis Secondary syphilis Papules Tertiary syphilis

18. Congenital syphilisI. Early Runny nose (rhinitis) known as snuffles, a macular rash and mucus patches

19. Hutchinson's teeth - peg-shaped upper incisors Frontal bosses and saddle nose • Late congenital syphilis • Gumma - thin, atrophic scar from a previous gumma

20. 1- Nontreponemal antigen tests A- VDRL, RPR B- Complement fixation test(Wassermann, Kolmer). 2- Treponemal antibody tests. A- Fluorescent treponemal antibody. B- Hemagglutination test. Immunity Treatment Epidemiology / Prevention, & Control. Diseases Related to Syphilis Bejel Yaws Pinta Rabbit Syphilis T. pallidum

21. Borrelia recurrentis - Relapsing fever Morphology & Identification Irregular spirals 10-30 um long &o.3 um wide. Culture Pathology, Pathogenesis, & Clinical Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests Treatment/ prevention, epidemiology & Control. Leptospira Morphology & Identification Culture Pathogenesis, & Clinical Findings Diagnostic Laboratory Tests. Treatment/ prevention, epidemiology & Control.

22. Mycoplasmas & Cell-Wall-Defective Bacteria • Mycoplamas • >150 species. At least 15 are of human origin. Four are oif primary importance. • Morphology & Identification Culture & Growth Characteristics Mycoplasmal Infection Diagnostic Laboratory Tests. Treatment Treatment/ prevention, epidemiology & Control. Mycoplasma pneumoniae & Atypical pneumonia Pathogenesis & Clinical Findings Laboratory tests Treatment/ prevention, epidemiology & Control. M. Hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum M. Genitalium L forms

23. Rickettsial Diseases Rickettsiae are pleomorphic obligate intracellular coccobacilli, short rods(o.3x1-2 um)or cocci(o.3 um in diameter). Are not stained by gram stain but are visible under the light microscope using Giemsa stain or other stains. Rickettsiae can be cultured in living tissue only. Yolk sac of embryonated chick eggs and tissue culture. Mode of Transmission of Rickettsial Diseases All rickettsiae need an arthropod vector for their transmission except Q fever. Clinical Findings Rickettsial infections are characterized by fever, headache, malaise, prostration, skin rash, and enlargement of spleen and liver. However, no skin lesions in Q fever. A- Typhus Group: 1- Epidemic typhus 2- Endemic typhus B - Spotted fever Group C- Scrub typhus D- Q Fever Treatment Epidemiology

25. Chlamydiae Small cells o.3 um in diameter, obligate intrcellular parasites as they lack mechanisms for the production of metabolic energy which is provided by the host. Their cell wall resemble that of gram negative bacteria. Classification Three species 1- Chlamydia trachomatis A- Trachoma B- Genital Infection & Inclusion Conjunctivitis. C- Respiratory Tract Infection D- lymphogranuloma venereum 2- C. pneumoniae & Respiratory Infections. 3- C. psittaci & psittacosis(Ornithosis).