Next Generation Networks and QoS

1. International CQR Workshop 2007 May 16, 2007 Sanibel Harbour Resort & Spa Next Generation Networks and QoS Koichi Asatani Kogakuin University, Tokyo Chair Emeritus, IEEE CQR-TC Advisory Board

2. Ｘ104 1200 0AB-J 050- 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2004.3 2005.6 2005.3 2003.12 2004.6 2004.9 2006.3 2005.9 2004.12 2005.12 IP Telephony Subscriber Number in Japan

3. Broadband in Japan

4. 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Global International Call Growth Billion Minutes Total Traffic (PSTN+VoIP) VoIP Note: Forecasted Data for 2003 and after source: http://www.dri.co.jp/auto/report/telegeo/telegeotg04.htm

5. Evolution in Networks and Applications Analog Telephone Network Telephone FAX Digital Telephone Network Packet Switched Network ftp telnet e-mail ARPA Data communications ISDN WWW Internet Internet access IP Telephony SDH B-ISDN ATM NGI Broadband Streaming FR FWA ADSL nGWL FTTH Voice sound Video Mutlimedia NGN Burst, Streaming Unicast, Multicast P2P Telecom Applications Network Evolution Internet Applications

6. Principles and Convergence Internetism Telecomism Network Principle Network is responsible. End-to-end Principle End nodes are responsible. Terminal liberalization Trustful networks Trustful end users Stateful networks Stateless networks flow control, RSVP MPLS DiffServe QoS guaranteed networks Best effort networks ADSL PROXY,NAT, Firewall Non-transparent network Transparent network ISDN

7. Definition & Features of NGN Generalized Mobility FMC Unrestricted Access Open Access I/F Service Separated Transport Architecture & Open API QoS-enabled Transport Manageable Broadband Multiple-Broadband Source:Rec.Y.2001

8. Next Generation Networks (NGN) Video Services (TV, movies, etc.) Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc.) Telephone Services Anything and Everything NGN Service-Related Functions (Any/All Applications e.g., voice, data, video) “Service Stratum” Scope of the Internet Internet Protocol (IP) NGN Transport Functions Everything (Any and All Network Technologies) “Transport Stratum” Source: ITU-T Recommendation Y.2011 — General principles and general reference model for next generation networks

9. Release Approach for NGN Services and Capabilities NGN Release 3 -RFID - Ubiquitous services NGN Release 2 -Entertainment -Home Networks Enhencement to Release 2 Capabilities - Streaming services Enhancement to Release 1 Capabilities NGN Release 1 -Multimedia -PSTN/ISDN Emulations -Multimedia -PSTN/ISDN Emulations Mid of 2006 Mid of 2007? End of 2008

10. N G N Domain 2DiffServ Domain 3MPLS-TE Domain 1IntServ Domain 4Over-Prov 802.xx Access 2G/3G Wireless Multi-Service Packet Transport xDSL Cable Complexity of NGN QoS • User-perceived QoS is end-to-end (cf. E.800) • NGN QoS is complex because • NGN applications have diverse performance needs • IP is not designed for consistent application performance • Various mechanisms have been introduced with specific applicability • Diversity in an end-to-end path is common owing to • Different levels of QoS support in endpoints • Varying types of QoS support in the transport • Multiple provider domains Effective management of resource contention

11. Definition of QoS The collective effect of service performance which determine the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service. The QoS is characterized by the combined aspects of service support performance, service operability performance, serveability performance, service security performance and other factors specific to each service. The term "QoS" is not used to express a degree of excellence in a comparative sense nor is it used in a quantitative sense for technical evaluations. In these cases a qualifying adjective (modifier) should be used. ITU-T Rec. E.800

12. Definition of Quality of Experience (QoE) The overall acceptability of an application or service, as perceived subjectively by the end-user. The QoE includes the complete end-to-end system effects (client, terminal, network, services infrastructure, etc). Overall acceptability may be influenced by user expectations and context. User-Experience-Oriented Quality ITU-T Rec. P.10/G.100

13. Standards Setting Organizations on QoE VQEG JRG –MMQA ITU-T SG12 Performance and quality of service ITU-T SG9 Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound transmission ITU-R SG6 Broadcasting services ITU FG-IPTV ITU-T SG13 Next Generation Networks VQEG: Video Quality Experts Group JRG –MMQA: Joint Rapporteurs’ group for Multimedia Quality Assessment FG-IPTV: Focus Group - IPTV

14. CN AN AN CPN CPN Ref. Configuration of QoS, NP and QoE Network Interface Man-Machine Interface Network Interface Man-Machine Interface User TE TE User Network Performance for NGN QoE QoE Quality of Service for NGN

15. intra- domain inter- domain • Policy Decision Function service facing, transport independent • Transport Resource Control Function service independent, transport dependent, possibly network-segment specific • Policy Enforcement Function typically part of border transport elements Other NGNs ITU-T RACF Architecture Service Control Functions (part of IMS or else) Service Stratum Rs Transport Stratum Rp Rd Policy Decision Function Transport Resource Control Function Network Attachment Control Functions Ru Ri Rt RACF Rc Rn Rw Interconnection Functions Transport Enforcement Function Policy Enforcement Function Transport Functions • RACF augments native transport QoS support • Preempting transport congestion at the servicecontrol layer • All applications (VoIP, IPTV, etc.) involving network-based control can make use of RACF via Rs

16. IP-based network performance Performance Parameter Nature of Network Performance Objective Class 0 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 IPTD Upper bound on the mean IPTD 100 ms 400 ms 100 ms 400 ms 1 s U 100 ms 400 ms Upper bound on the 1-10-3 quantile of IPTD minus the minimum IPTD 50 ms 50 ms U U U U 50 ms 50 ms IPDV IPLR Upper bound on the packet loss probability 1*10-3 1*10-3 1*10-3 1*10-3 1*10-3 U 1*10-5 1*10-5 IPER Upper bound 1*10-4 U 1*10-6 1*10-6 Y.1541

17. Object Quality Assessments Model Application Scenario Application Scenario Estimated Media Benchmarking/ Benchmarking/ Non Non - - intrusive intrusive Network planning Network planning subjective quality monitoring monitoring Intrusive monitoring Intrusive monitoring One One - - way way P.862/P.862.1 P.862/P.862.1 P.563, P.VTQ P.563, P.VTQ (Telephone-band) (Listening quality) (Listening quality) (Telephone-band) P.862.2 P.862.2 (Wideband) (Wideband) Speech Two Two - - way way G.107 G.107 P.CQO (Telephone-band) (Conversational (Conversational (Telephone-band) quality) quality) G.WBEM G.WBEM (Wideband) (Wideband) One One - - way way BS.1387 BS.1387 - - 1 1 Audio (Listening quality) (Listening quality) One One - - way way J.144 (Cable TV) J.144 (Cable TV) ?.YYY (Cable TV) ?.YYY (Cable TV) Video (Viewing quality) (Viewing quality) ?.XXX (Multimedia) ?.XXX (Multimedia) ?.ZZZ ?.ZZZ (Multimedia) (Multimedia) One One - - way way J.148 (Multimedia) J.148 (Multimedia) Speech/Audio G.OMV G.OMV Two Two - - way way and Video (Videophone) One One - - way way G.Chirp G.Chirp G.1030 Annex A G.1030 Annex A Data (Web (Web - - browsing) browsing) (Web (Web - - browsing) browsing)

18. NGN-related Standardization Organizations ITU TTC (Japan) ATIS TTA (Korea) CCSA (China) ETSI USA TISPAN 3GPP Asia IETF Europe

19. Next Generation IP Network Promotion Forum • Established on Dec. 16, 2005 • Based on a report from MIC Study Group on Next Generation IP Infrastructure • To Promote evolution to IP-based Networks in Japan • Under close cooperation among industries, government and academia

20. Forum Structure

21. Challenges! • Latency aware network configuration Implementation: not a subject of standards • Ubiquitous applications? • Transaction or (SIP) Connection? • QoE/QoS on End-to-End base, including Customer Premises Network, e.g.,Home Networks • No performance allocations to devices outside of UNI • Multi-domain environments