CE-marking of Connectors and Fasteners used in timber structures

1. CE-marking of Connectors and Fasteners used in timber structures Documentation according to • ETAG 015 Three-dimensional nailing plates or • Harmonized European Standards • Gains and difficulties (challenges) by Jørn Ipsen, Simpson Strong-Tie A/S. Denmark

2. SIMPSON STRONG-TIEPARENT COMPANY

3. Simpson Strong-Tie Europe

4. Product range

5. Europe. The present situation

6. Europe.The present situation • The Nordic countries have for many years had design codes very similar to the Eurocodes based on limit state design. • A new German code for Timber Structures ( DIN 1052: 2004-08) similar to EC5 is now in force. • The possibility to use Eurocodes together with National Annexes (NA) exists today. But Each country still have their own • Standards. (A lot of EN standards have been implemented) • Building regulations • Building design codes • 5 countries: Sweden, Finland, Ireland, UK and Portugal have not accepted the CE-mark as compulsory.

7. CPD The Essential Requirements • Mechanical Resistance and Stability • Safety in case of Fire • Hygiene, Health and the Environment • Safety in Use • Protection against Noise • Energy Economy and Heat Retention The requirements do not refer to the construction products but to the construction works in which the products will be incorporated.

8. CE - marking CEN The CE marking is not a quality mark; it demonstrates only that products meet the legal requirements necessary for them to be placed on the market by complying with the applicable technical specifications.

9. Connectors and Fasteners hEN:prEN 14545: Timber structures- Connectors-Requirements EN 912: Timber fasteners – Specifications for connectors for timber (Nailing Plates, Straps and bulldog) prEN 14592: Timber structures – Dowel-type fasteners – Requirements (Nails and screws) ETAG 015: Guideline for 3-dimensional nailing plates

10. Harmonized Standard European Technical Approval CE – marking. ETA prEN 14545 ETAG 015 CE

11. ETAG 015. The Guideline is the cookery bookwith the recipe for an ETA Guideline • Gives a recipe to meet the 6 essential requirements in the CPD • Gives methods for testing • Gives criteria’s for evaluation ETA

12. ETAG 015 Scope: This Guideline covers preformed three-dimensional metal nailing plates with specified fasteners for connections in load-bearing timber structures and for fixing timber structures or wood-based structural members to their support. The specified fasteners include nails, screws, bolts and dowels.

13. ETAG 015 1: Mechanical resistance and stability METHODS OF VERIFICATION 1. Calculation according to EC5 2. Calculation assisted by testing 3. Testing GENERAL Manufacturer shall specify – Intended use: 1. Strength class or Species, grade and surface 2. Wane, allowed or not 3. Support or restraint conditions 4. Erection procedures 5. Gaps

14. ETAG 015 Calculation Provided: Connector of a ductile material and: • Joint has a ductile static behaviour and components have a ductile force-deformation curve or • Force distribution statically safe or conservative for joints with brittle failure, e.g. withdrawal of nails or screws Characteristic material properties modified to relevant load duration Relevant when joint capacity depends on fastener + steel capacity

15. ETAG 015 Calculations assisted by testing Scope: To calibrate a theoretical static model against measured capacities from tests Conditions: • Model shall reflect the actual static behaviour • Model shall be verified for * The type of forces and * The range of their positions * The range of eccentricities* Special consideration to axially loaded nails – nef

16. ETAG 015 Testing Testing procedure: EN 26891 Density requirements: EN 28970 Density controls fastener capacity ! Two methods for selection of test specimens: • Method 1: Test data for direct calculation of Rk:ρm ≤ 1,15 ρkρof 20% ≤ ρk • Method 2: Test data need to be modified for density before calculation of Rk: 1,05 ρk ≤ρm ≤ 1,25 ρk 0,9 ρm ≤ρ ≤ 1,1 ρm for each single timber member According to EN 338ρk typically in the range 290 to 350 kg/m3(C14 – C24)

17. ETAG 015 Durability Thickness of zinc coating: Requirements from Eurocode 5, clause 4.2

18. European Technical Approval (ETA) • An ETA is made for a specific product to a specific manufacturer • An ETA is based on test of the product and an assessment of the test results compared to the intended use • The ETA describes the specific requirements to attestation of conformity based on the Factory Production Control System at the specific manufacturer • An ETA is the harmonized technical specification according to the CPD

19. ETA-06/0106

20. Content of the ETA • Legal basis and general and special conditions • Definition of the product • Intended use • Wood members • EC5 design or similar national code design • Service classes • Other materials than wood • Assumed working life

21. Content of the ETA Mechanical resistance and stability • Safety principles and partial factors • Load-carrying capacities • Methods of verification: Calculation, calculation assisted by testing or testing • Fasteners – nails, screws, bolts • Corrosion protection/service classes

22. Content of the ETA Attestation of Conformity System 2+ • Factory Production Control System (manufacturer) • Initial type testing (manufacturer) • 3th part control (notified body)

23. Declaration of conformity, angle brackets • States conformity to: • ETA-06/0106 Angle Brackets. • Factory Production Control(FPC) • Certificate no 06/F007. • ETAG 015 Three – dimensional • Nailing Plates

24. Characteristic load-carrying capacity Design basis – general • Combined forces, splitting, density correction

25. Characteristic load-carrying capacity • Force directions - assumptions

26. Characteristic load-carrying capacity

27. Connectors and Fasteners hEN:prEN 14545: Timber structures- Connectors-Requirements EN 912: Timber fasteners – Specifications for connectors for timber (Nailing Plates, Straps and bulldog) prEN 14592: Timber structures – Dowel-type fasteners – Requirements (Nails and screws) ETAG 015: Guideline for 3-dimensional nailing plates

28. prEN 14545: Connectors EN 912: Timber fasteners – Specifications for connectors for timber Type A: Split ring connectors Type B: Shear plate connectors Type C: Toothed plate connectors – Bulldog, Geka Type D: Other connectors

29. prEN 14545: Connectors Nailing plates and straps

30. prEN 14592: Dowel-type Fasteners • Nails • Screws • Staples • Dowels • Bolts For use in timber structures

31. Products included in prEN 14545 and prEN14592 • Meet the requirements in the standard. • Attestation of conformity: System 2+ for connectors and 3 for fasteners. • Calculate according to Eurocode 5

32. CE-marking. Difficulties (challenges) • Big costs. • Initial and also continuously. • CE-marking not compulsory. • Queue at the approval bodies. • Too long “co-existence” • period for the total system. • ETAs on same level • Ex. 1: Valid only in one country • Ex. 2: Number of force directions • Further requirements

33. CE-marking. Gains • Passport to all European countries. • Design load - carrying capacities for all European countries based on the same approval. • Improved documentation and product development. • Improved internal technical communication. • More confidence in the market