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Changes in State

Changes in State. Vapor Pressure observation definition temperature dependence Changes in State enthalpies heating curves Phase Diagrams special points examples. Vapor Pressure. Dfns. pres. of vapor present above a (l) or (s)

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Changes in State

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  1. Changes in State • Vapor Pressure • observation • definition • temperature dependence • Changes in State • enthalpies • heating curves • Phase Diagrams • special points • examples

  2. Vapor Pressure • Dfns. • pres. of vapor present above a (l) or (s) • DHvap energy to convert 1 mole liquid to gas at 1 atm • Eq. Vapor Pressure • rate of evaporation = rate of condensation • Measuring Pvapor • Hg column Pvapor = Patm – PHg column

  3. Temperature Dependence

  4. Temperature Dependence R = 8.3145 J/mol•K T = temperature (K) C = const. related to DS

  5. Changes in State: Heating Curve

  6. Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation evaporation

  7. Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation evaporation freezing melting

  8. Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation evaporation enthalpy of vaporization freezing melting

  9. Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation evaporation enthalpy of fusion enthalpy of vaporization freezing melting

  10. Phase Diagrams Iodine • Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system • Experiments • 1: T at P = 1 atm 1 (0.118 atm) (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

  11. Phase Diagrams Iodine • Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system • Experiments • 1: T at P = 1 atm • 2: T at P = 0.01 atm 1 (0.118 atm) 2 (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

  12. Phase Diagrams Iodine • Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system • Experiments • 1: T at P = 1 atm • 2: T at P = 0.01 atm • 3: T at P = 0.118 atm 1 3 (0.118 atm) 2 (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

  13. Phase Diagrams Iodine • Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system • Experiments • 1: T at P = 1 atm • 2: T at P = 0.01 atm • 3: T at P = 0.118 atm • 4: T at P = 1 atm 4 1 3 (0.118 atm) 2 (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

  14. Phase Diagrams Iodine • Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system • Experiments • 1: T at P = 1 atm • 2: T at P = 0.01 atm • 3: T at P = 0.118 atm • 4: T at P = 1 atm • 5: P at T = 100. C 4 1 3 (0.118 atm) 2 5 (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

  15. Phase Diagrams Iodine • Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system • Experiments • 1: T at P = 1 atm • 2: T at P = 0.01 atm • 3: T at P = 0.118 atm • 4: T at P = 1 atm • 5: P at T = 100. C • 6: P at T = 150. C 4 1 3 (0.118 atm) 2 5 6 (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG

  16. Phase Diagrams: Water

  17. Phase Diagrams: Water

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