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ALCOOLI

ALCOOLI. ALCOOLI. CUPRINS. D efinitie , F ormula generala , N omenclatura , C lasificare Exemple Test. 1. Definitie.

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ALCOOLI

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  1. ALCOOLI ALCOOLI

  2. CUPRINS • Definitie, • Formula generala, • Nomenclatura, • Clasificare • Exemple • Test

  3. 1. Definitie • Alcoolii , sunt compusi organici monofunctionali ce provin de la hidrocarburi prin inlocuirea unuia sau mai multor atomi de hidrogen cu grupari hidroxil, iar gruparea hidroxil este legata de un atom de carbon saturat.

  4. 2. Formula generala • R-OH • R=radical hidrocarbonat • OH= grupare hhidroxil

  5. 3. Nomenclatura • Nomenclatura- denumirea alcoolilor se face respectand urmatoarele reguli sau tipuri de denumiri pentru ca la un alcool putem avea una sau mai multe denumiri: • denumire hidrocarbura + sufixul ol • indicarea pozitiei gr. OH + denumire hidrocarbura + sufixul ol • cuvantulalcool + denumire radical hidrocarbonat + sufixul ic • cuvantulalcool + denumire TIP DE ATOM DE C+ sufixul ic • in cazul mai multor gr. OH, se procedeaza astfel: indicarea prin cifre a pozitiei gr OH + denumire hidrocarbura + sufixul di, tri, tetra etc. +ol • indicarea pozitiei gr OH + cuvantul (di, tri, tetra, etc.) hidroxi + denumire hidrocarbura • denumiri uzuale, din practica • Exemple: avand formula • Il putem denumi conform instructiunilor de mai sus: • alcool sec- butilic, • 2- butanol, • 2-hidroxi- butan

  6. 4. Clasificare • A- dupa numarul de grupari hidroxil • a)alcooli monohidroxilici • b)alcooli dihidroxilici • c)alcooli polihidroxilici • B- dupa natura radicalului hidrocarbonat • a) Alcooli alifatici: • Saturati • Nesaturati • b) Alcooli aromatici • C- dupa natura atomului de carbon se leaga gruparea hidroxil • a) alcooli primari • b) alcooli secundari • c) alcooli tertiari

  7. 5.Exemple

  8. FILM EXEMPLE DE ALCOOLI P

  9. 6.TEST • 1. ALCOOLII AU FORMULA GENERALA: • a. R-OOH • b. R-OH • c. Ar-OH • 2. ALCOOLII POT FI: • ALCOOLI PRIMARI • ALCOOLI PRIMARI SI SECUNDARI • ALCOOLI PRIMARI, SECUNDARI SI TERTIARI • 3. ALCOOLUL ETILIC ARE FORMULA: • CH3-CH2-OH • C2H5O • CH3-O-CH3

  10. Va multumesc pentru atentie! Prof. CANILA MIHAELA-LUIZA

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