US HISTORY & GOV’T IMPERIAL DIPLOMACY JOHN JAY HS

1. US HISTORY & GOV’T IMPERIAL DIPLOMACY JOHN JAY HS

2. BIG IDEAS WHAT IDEAS DOMINATED 19TH CENTURY AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY? HOW DO THE HAMILTONIAN & JEFFERSONIAN TRADITIONS DIFFER? IS AMERICAN DEMOCRACY COMPATIBLE WITH AMERICIAN EMPIRE?

3. AMERICAN DIPLOMACY . . . THE FIRST 100 YEARS WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS (1796) • “NO PERMANENT ALLIANCES” JEFFERSON’S FIRST INAUGURAL (1800) • “AVOID ENTANGLING ALLIANCES” MONROE DOCTRINE (1823) • NEW WORLD = US SPHERE OF INFLUENCE; • NEUTRAL TOWARD EUROPEAN “GREAT POWERS” • KEY THEMES: ISOLATION & NEUTRALITY • KEY FACTS: GEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATION, POLITICAL & ECONOMIC WEAKNESS • EUROPE: BUSY TAKING OVER AFRICA & ASIA

4. TWO TRADITIONS: HAMILTON & JEFFERSON IDEALIST ECONOMIC VOLUNTEER MILITIA SMALL NAVY EMPIRE < DEMOCRACY MORAL SUASION ARBITRATION FREE TRADE “MIGHT FOR RIGHT” REALIST MILITARY PROFESSIONAL MILITARY BIG NAVY EMPIRE > DEMOCRACY MILITARY FORCE WAR PROTECTIONIST “MIGHT IS RIGHT”

5. REALISM, IDEALISM & LIBERALISM REALISM: INT’L RELATIONS = POWER BALANCE OF POWER; SOCIAL DARWINISM “THE STRONG DO WHAT THEY CAN, THE WEAK ACCEPT WHAT THEY MUST” GREAT WHITE FLEET; SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR; PANAMA CANAL IDEALISM: INT’L RELATIONS = VALUES & ETHICS INTERNATIONAL LAW “DO JUSTICE, THOUGH THE HEAVENS FALL” WILSON’S 14 POINTS; ANTI-IMPERIALISM LEAGUE LIBERALISM: INT’L RELATIONS = MONEY INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (EX. LEAGUE OF NATIONS, UN, IMF) “FOLLOW THE MONEY” OPEN DOOR POLICY; DOLLAR DIPLOMACY

6. ROOSEVELT COROLLARY USA = WORLD’S POLICEMAN MONROE DOCTRINE  EUROPEANS STAY OUT OF AMERICAS COROLLARY = UPDATE USA = “ENFORCE THE LAW” IF LATIN AMERICA FALLS IN DEBT TO EUROPE “WALK SOFTLY AND CARRY A BIG STICK” = MILITARY FORCE BACKS UP DIPLOMACY

7. DOLLAR DIPLOMACY USA = WORLD’S BANKER (PRESIDENT TAFT) USE ECONOMIC LEVERAGE  MAKE LA GOVT’S “REFORM” OVERSEAS BUSINESSES = AGENTS OF US GOVERNMENT SUPPORT POLICIES FAVORABLE TO US BUSINESS INTERESTS COLOSSAL FAILURE = UNPOPULAR IN THE US & LATIN AMERICA ECONOMIC LEVERAGE = NOT EFFECTIVE MODERN EXAMPLES: IMF & STRUCTURAL REFORM; 1982, 1994 “TEQUILA” CRISES

8. WILSONIAN IDEALISM FOREIGN POLICY = BASED ON PRINCIPLE, NOT POWER OR PULCHRE USA = EXCEPTIONAL (UNIQUELY GOOD) PURITANCIAL: BLACK & WHITE, NO GRAY NO COMPROMISE (CAN’T DEAL W/ DEVIL) BASIS FOR AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT IN WWI CRITICISMS: NAÏVE: PEOPLE = NOT GOOD; NATIONS = SELF-INTERESTED SELF-RIGHTEOUS: WHO DO YOU THINK YOU ARE? HYPOCRITICAL: MEXICO? PHILIPPINES? RACISM? INDIANS?

9. LATIN AMERICA USA & LATIN AMERICA = LOVE-HATE RELATIONSHIP DIAZ: “POOR MEXICO: SO FAR FROM GOD, SO CLOSE TO THE USA” LATIN AMERICA ≠ BACKWARD: IN 1909, ARGENTINA, URUGUAY & CHILE ≥ GERMANY ; MOST OF LATIN AMERICA = DEMOCRATIC LATIN AMERICA = UNDERBANKED PANAMA  INDEPENDENT OF COLOMBIA  1903HAYS-BUNAU-VARILLA TREATY

10. ASIA PATERNALISTIC & ROMANTICIZING TO CHINA PATRONIZING & PARANOID TO JAPAN 1905: TREATY OF PORTSMOUTH = ENDS RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR; ROOSEVELT ARBITRATES  WINS NOBEL PRIZE JAPAN = RAW DEAL 1907: GENTLEMEN’S AGREEMENT: JAPAN “VOLUNTARILY” RESTRICTS IMMIGRATION SEGREGATED SCHOOLS IN SAN FRAN LONG FUSE  WWII