R GB DF : R ESOURCE G OAL AND B EHAVIOUR D ESCRIPTION F RAMEWORK

1. RGBDF: RESOURCE GOAL AND BEHAVIOUR DESCRIPTION FRAMEWORK Olena Kaykova, Oleksiy Khriyenko, Vagan Terziyan, Andriy Zharko Industrial Ontologies Group, Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, FINLAND Jyväskylä, Finland 25 August   2005,

2. Our Team and Consortium Industrial Ontologies Group University of Jyväskylä http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/

3. GUN MAIN RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Our intention is to provide tools and solutions to make heterogeneous industrial resources (files, documents, services, devices, processes, systems, human experts, etc.) web-accessible, proactive and cooperative in a sense that they will be able to analyze their state independently from other systems or to order such analysis from remote experts or Web-services to be aware of own condition and to plan behavior towards effective and predictive maintenance. GlobalUnderstanding eNvironment

4. GUN Concept: All GUN resources “understand” each other…

5. Two Stages of Adaptation General Adaptation Framework (GAF) Semantic Adaptation: Based on Ontology of Templates and Mapping Rules Based on Unified State/Condition Description XML Schema XML1 XML2 XML0 … Semantic Resource Adaptation Frameworkis a generic ontology-based approach to design adapters for heterogeneous Web resources. Semantic Resource Adapterssuppose to “wrap” data retrieved from external resources with semantic templates and deliver semantically annotated data from outside to a resource stripping out semantic markup. XMLn Syntactic Adaptation: XSLT-Transformation

6. Evolution of RDF

7. SR_Statement: statement context rscdfs:Context_SR_Container Container of a context trueInContext rscdfs:SR_Statement rscdfs:SR_Statement rscdfs:SR_Statement rscdfs:SR_Statement subject object predicate rdfs:Resource rscdfs:SR_Statement rdfs:Resource rscdfs:SR_Property … Extension of the rdf:Statement to rscdfs:SR_Statement with a trueInContextproperty rdf:Property type trueInContext domain range rscdfs:SR_Statement rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rscdfs:SR_Statementis a subclass of therdf:Statement.It also describe a statement but has a very innovative and useful addition – Statement Context. ViatrueInContextproperty an instance of the rscdfs:SR_Statementpoints on a context container of other contextual statements.

8. RDFReification – RSCDFTrueInContext TRUEINCONTEXT Statement is a true statement just if the statement context is TRUE. Statement (about ”Service #1 sets diagnosis Emergency”) makes sense in context, that Model #1 was used, a diagnostic was based on State #1 of Device #1 in certain time t1. RDFReification diagnosis Emergency Service #1 diagnosis Emergency Service #1 hasModel useModel basedOn trueInContext Model #1 State #1 hasState inTime hasModel Model #1 Service #1 Device #1 t1 hasTime t1 Environment hasTime Environment hasState State #1 Device #1 …

9. rgbdfs:Goal_Container rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rgbdfs:falseInContext rscdfs:trueInContext rgbdfs:Behaviour_Statement rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rdf:object rscdfs:trueInContext rgbdfs:subject rgbdfs:predicate rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rgbdfs:Behaviour_Container rdf:object rscdfs:ResourceAgent rdf:subject rscdfs:predicate rgbdfs:hasBehaviour OOO SSS PPP Resource Agent Behavior and mental state description Extension with a non factual statement for desires description. It is not a fact, it is a goal that Agent intends to achieve. Extension with a Behaviour Statement for defining goal dependent actions. Necessary and sufficient conditions dependent rule description.

10. RDF Evolution towards GUN

11. Introduction toRG/BDFS

12. Labelled data Labelled data Smart Resource 2005 Scenario (3 scenes) “Knowledge Transfer from Expert to Service” Agent plays roles: Scene 1: “diagnostic expert”; Scene 2: “no play”; Scene 3: “no play” “Expert” Labelled data Agent plays roles: Scene 1: “no play”; Scene 2: “student”; Scene 3: “diagnostic expert” Watching and querying diagnostic data Querying diagnostic results “Device” “Service” Labelled data History data Querying data for learning Learning sample and Querying diagnostic results Agent plays roles: Scene 1: “patient”; Scene 2: “teacher”; Scene 3: “patient” Diagnostic model

13. BDI (Beliefs-Desires-Intensions):Underlying Model for RGBDF Context RSCDF Communication Beliefs Observation Profiles Desires Intensions Actions Roles Execution Goals Behavior RSCDF RSCDF RSCDF RGBDF Jonker C., Terziyan V., Treur J., Temporal and Spatial Analysis to Personalize an Agent’s Dynamic Belief, Desire and Intention Profiles, In: M. Klush et al. (eds.), Cooperative Information Agents VII: Proceedings of the 7-th International Workshop on Cooperative Information Agents (CIA-2003), Helsinki, Finland, August 27-29, 2003, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, V. 2782, Springer-Verlag, pp. 289-315.

14. rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rscdfs:falseInContext rscdfs:trueInContext rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rdf:object rdf:subject rscdfs:predicate OOO SSS PPP RG/BDFS Goal Statement rgbdfs:Goal_Statementis a class of the “goal” instances. This class is similar to rscdfs:SR_Statement and is a subclass of it. Triple <SSS-PPP-OOO> describes some fact-statement which is not true in the current resource state, but resource is aimed to make it true (an Agent intends to achieve this goal). Each goal is dynamic and can be aimed by resource in a certain context.

15. RG/BDFSGoal Statement Example Mirja has flowers rscdfs:trueInContext Mirja has birthday Mirja likes flowers rscdfs:falseInContext rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rdf:object rdf:subject rscdfs:predicate Mirja flowers has

16. RG/BDFS has_goals Statement rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rscdfs:falseInContext rscdfs:trueInContext rscdfs:SR_Statement rdf:subject rdf:object rscdfs:predicate rscdfs:ResourceAgent rgbdfs:Goal_Container rgbdfs:hasGoals rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rgbdfs:Goal_Statement

17. RG/BDFS Behaviour Statements rgbdfs:Behaviour_Statement is a class of the behaviour instances. This class is a subclass of rscdfs:SR_Statement with extended properties. rscdfs:ResourceAgent class plays role of the subject range. Range of the statement’s predicate is restricted by rgbdfs:B_Property class (subclass of the rscdfs:SR_Property). An object of the behaviour statement can be represented by rgbdfs:Behaviour_Container (container of nested behaviour statements if root behaviour is complex) or atomic execution. rscdfs:falseInContext property makes a link to goal container, which contains goal statement(s) (because behaving has a sense when a goal is not achieved). If the presence of a Goal is a necessary condition for the behaviour, then context statements (condition of the environment) is a sufficient condition (which is represented by contextual container via the rscdfs:trueInContext property). rgbdfs:Goal_Container rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rscdfs:trueInContext rgbdfs:falseInContext rgbdfs:Behaviour_Statement rgbdfs:subject rdf:object rgbdfs:predicate rgbdfs:Behaviour_Container rscdfs:ResourceAgent rgbdfs:hasBehaviour

18. Behaviour Statement Example Agent has presented flowers to Mirja Agent has money rscdfs:trueInContext rgbdfs:falseInContext rgbdfs:Behaviour_Statement rgbdfs:subject rdf:object rgbdfs:predicate rscdfs:ResourceAgent Agent buys flowers Agent comes to Mirja Agent presents flowers to Mirja rgbdfs:hasBehaviour

19. rgbdfs:gMember rgbdfs:bMember RG/BDFS Containers rgbdfs:Goal_Container is a class of the goal container instances. This class is a subclass of rscdfs:SR_Container in general. It represents a container of goal statements, which define the goals. Such container plays a role of context (via rscdfs:falseInContext property) for a behaviour statement till the goal will be achieved, and that is why it is a direct subclass of rscdfs:Context_SR_Container. rgbdfs:gMember property is a redefined from rscdfs:member property and defines instance of the rgbdfs:Goal_Statement class as a member of the container. rgbdfs:Behaviour_Container is a class of the behaviour container instances. As a subclass of rscdfs:SR_Statement it has a redefined rgbdfs:bMember property. A main role of the behaviour container is to collect the nested behaviours for a complex behaviour (represented by behaviour statement). rgbdfs:Goal_Container rgbdfs:Behaviour_Container rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rgbdfs:Behaviour_Statement rgbdfs:Behaviour_Statement rgbdfs:Behaviour_Statement

20. RG/BDFS Complex (nested) Goals rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rscdfs:trueInContext rscdfs:SR_Statement rscdfs:SR_Statement rscdfs:trueInContext rscdfs:SR_Statement rscdfs:SR_Statement rdf:object rscdfs:predicate rdf:subject rgbdfs:subGoal rgbdfs:Goal_Container rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rdf:object rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rscdfs:predicate rdf:subject rgbdfs:Goal_Statement OOO SSS PPP Some complex goals can be divided to the set of component sub-goals. Thus, goal container plays role of the goal set, members of which are sub goals of complex goal. A property rgbdfs:subGoalis definedin RG/BDFS-liteto specify the set of sub goals for a complex goal. The domain and range for this property are rgbdfs:Goal_Statement and rgbdfs:Goal_Container classes correspondingly.

21. Complex Goal Example rscdfs:Context_SR_Container Mirja has birthday rscdfs:SR_Statement rscdfs:trueInContext Mirja likes flowers rdf:object rscdfs:predicate rdf:subject rgbdfs:subGoal rgbdfs:Goal_Container rgbdfs:Goal_Statement Agent has > 10 EURO rdf:object rscdfs:predicate rdf:subject Agent is located at the flower market Agent has flowers Flowers Mirja has Agent is located at Mirja’s home

22. RG/BDFSBehaviour rgbdfs:Goal_Container rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rgbdfs:falseInContext rscdfs:trueInContext rscdfs:SR_Statement rgbdfs:Behaviour_Statement rscdfs:SR_Statement rscdfs:SR_Statement rdf:object rgbdfs:predicate rgbdfs:subject rgbdfs:Behaviour_Container rgbdfs:Goal_Container rgbdfs:Behaviuor_Statement rgbdfs:hasBehaviour rscdfs:falseInContext rscdfs:ResourceAgent rgbdfs:Behaviuor_Statement rdf:object rgbdfs:subject rgbdfs:predicate rgbdfs:Execution rscdfs:ResourceAgent rgbdfs:execute Simple behaviour, which means performing a certain action (execution of certain method, code…), can be described via rgbdfs:execute property (instance of the rgbdfs:B_Property class), which defines instance of rgbdfs:Execution class for a resource agent. This instance describes exact method (code, service and etc.), inputs, outputs and other features of execution entry. RG/BDFS-lite has rgbdfs:hasBehaviour property (instance of the rgbdfs:B_Property class) to define a complex behaviour (which means performing a set of nested behaviours) for an agent. This property defines a set of behaviour statements via behaviour container for a resource agent.

23. Behaviour Example Mirja has flowers Agent has money rgbdfs:falseInContext rscdfs:trueInContext rscdfs:SR_Statement rgbdfs:Behaviour_Statement rscdfs:SR_Statement Agent has flowers rscdfs:SR_Statement rdf:object Agent is located at Mirja’s home rgbdfs:predicate rgbdfs:subject rgbdfs:Behaviour_Container rscdfs:falseInContext Agent buys flowers rgbdfs:hasBehaviour rscdfs:falseInContext rscdfs:ResourceAgent Agent comes to Mirja Agent presents flowers to Mirija rscdfs:trueInContext rgbdfs:subject rdf:object rgbdfs:predicate rgbdfs:Execution rscdfs:ResourceAgent rgbdfs:execute

24. RG/BDFS Role rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rscdfs:trueInContext rscdfs:trueInContext rscdfs:SR_Statement rdf:object rscdfs:predicate rdf:subject rscdfs:SR_Statement rdf:subject rgbdfs:hasRole rdf:object rgbdfs:Role rscdfs:ResourceAgent rscdfs:predicate rgbdfs:goals rscdfs:Context_SR_Container rgbdfs:Goal_Container rscdfs:trueInContext rscdfs:SR_Statement rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rdf:object rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rscdfs:predicate rdf:subject rgbdfs:Goal_Statement rgbdfs:hasGoals rscdfs:ResourceAgent Another important part of behaviour structuring is an agent role and related goal definition. rgbdfs:hasRole property defines a role (rgbdfs:Role) for resource agent in certain context. Another property, that is related to the agent role, is rgbdfs:goals, which defines a goal or a set of the goals correspondent to the subject rolevia a goal container. Resource agent may have different roles and a set of goals can be different even for the same role depending on the context (environment condition). At the same time a set of the goals can be linked to certain agent directly (without role specification) through rgbdfs:hasGoals property..

25. Resource Agent Agent Platform Architecture RG/BDF approach assumes keeping all the goals, roles descriptions and behaviour rules templates in ontology. The behaviour rules templates are described in general way with a purpose to be applied to any particular agent. Such description requires utilization of a handy and flexible description schema (RG/BDFS-Lite). SmartResource platform contains a Resource History where it stores all statements about resource states and conditions, actions that are performed by resource agent and other information that can be useful for it. There are also can be located some executable modules (codes) that agent should perform as an output of its behaviour rule chain. Otherwise it should utilize external web services. Agent always should interact with ontology to be able to download necessary role, goal description or behaviour template whenever the agent needs it. Behaviour template represents a rule for behaviour. Represented by behaviour statement the template contains necessary condition (goal) and sufficient condition (condition of the environment) as the contexts of rule performance and a set of the performance descriptions as an output of the rule. Ontology Roles Goals Templates Behaviour rules Execution module descriptions Resource History Templates Executable modules or Web Services Behaviour description

26. Template examples

27. Role and Goal templates

28. Nested Goal template

29. Nested agent behaviour

30. Current and future work

31. Common ontology Current and future work (cont.) Goal-driven behavior Web-Service Service Platform Service Agent

32. Thank you!Questions?