MAFE Project Migrations between AFrica and Europe Cris BEAUCHEMIN INED, Paris

1. MAFE ProjectMigrations between AFrica and EuropeCris BEAUCHEMIN (INED, Paris)

2. The case studies

3. A comparative project Various contexts in sending countries Country concerned by international migration for a long vs. a short time Different geographical and economic contexts (sahelian vs. equatorial country) Different political histories from colonial times to contemporary events ? all in all, different types of migrants (labor mig., family mig., asylum seekers) Various ties between sending and receiving countries: With post-colonial links (Senegal and France, Congo and Belgium) Or without such links: newer and growing flows Various contexts in receiving countries, with differences in matter of� Migration policy, integration regimes, socio-economic contexts

4. Scientific objectives (1) Objectif 1. A better understanding of migratory logics 1.1. Departure determinants To test empirically the various migration theories (and also opposite common wisdoms) neo-classics vs. NELM, etc. In line with Massey�s analyses To study choices of destination Domestic vs. international Various European destinations (role of migration and integration policies? of socio-economic contexts?) 1.2. Circulation and determinants of return To show circulation patterns (description) To study the determinants of return migration The role of remittances The impact of integration conditions

5. Scientific objectives (2) Objectif 2. Impacts of international migration� �in sending countries 2.1. International migration and urban development Role of migrants in urban transformations: architectural changes? investments in community amenities? New neighborhoods? Changes in the urban economy: In what extent are (return) migrants actors in economic development (new type of activities, entrepreneurship�)? 2.2. International migration and social change Articulation between international migration and family building (marriage, children). Transnational families? Gender relations: impacts of male migration in the sending countries? Impacts of growing female migration flows?

6. Methodological objectives To produce� Reliable and representative data Mostly quantitative data, but� The �ethnosurvey� principles On various populations Migrants (themselves), non-migrants, return migrants Documented as well as undocumented migrants Both in sending and receiving countries With linked samples (a community based survey) A common design for various national contexts Allowing to study the determinants and consequences of migration at various levels Multilevel data collection (individual, HH, community, region�) Event histories collection : residential, family, labor, migration, investments (housing, business) histories

7. Sample objectives In sending countries (non-migrants, return mig. & visiting mig.) 10 communities Congo: only in Kinshasa and its surrounding region Senegal: in the whole country (drawn in the 2002 census) Communities selected to take into account the various migratory contexts (high/low prevalence, old/new flows) 200 households per community (random sample) 2 people per HH ? All in all, 2000 HH questionnaires , 4000 ind. quest. per country In receiving countries (migrants) Around 80 migrants per origin community (?) Technical solution: snowballing through� origin HH other migrants in destination places migrant associations A real challenge to overcome the lack of confidence of the respondents to control for selection biases

8. Where are we in the project? A survey design still in evolution / discussion Sample design to be precised Questionnaires tested a 1st time and in progress Next step : test in november 2006, pilot in 2007 ? survey feasibility? New scientific objectives could be developed Ex. 1: undocumented migration Ex. 2: international migration and rural development (esp. in Senegal) Funding research: a dispersed and on-going process Various French funds already obtained To start data collection on Senegalese migrations European Commission : FP7 To complete the needs in matter of data collection Meeting in Paris in January 2007 And all other opportunities�

9. A collaborative work�� between various European and African institutions For data collection: To organize the survey in each country To approach the population / to create a confidence relationship To track and interview the migrants Program: 2007: Pilot on Senegalese migrants 2008-2009: survey on Senegalese, Congolese and Ghanaian populations For analyses: Country per country Comparative approach For fund raising Collectively: to participate in the responses to European calls (FP7�) Individually: to find additional funds for PhD students, post-doc��

10. Who are we?

11. Thank you!cris.beauchemin@ined.fr