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Language. Laylan. Toponyms. Toponyms : Place names 4 types Changing : show power to wipe out past. Post Colonial : Arise when there is a change of power; African colonies

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  1. Language Laylan

  2. Toponyms • Toponyms: Place names • 4 types • Changing : show power to wipe out past. • Post Colonial: Arise when there is a change of power; African colonies • Post Revolution: When there is a power change through coups and revolutions; Belgian Congo, Zaire, Democratic republic of the Congo • Memorial: Change names in remembrance of an important person or event, MLK streets around the USA.

  3. Changing Toponyms This picture represents the attempt of the welsh people to save and display their language. They created an incredibly long word that only the majority of Welsh people can pronounce.

  4. Post-Colonial This picture shows the naming of Africa during European imperialism. No regard is given to ethnic or language barriers, a direct cause of present African tension and genocide.

  5. Post colonial This map is of a more modern Africa with more attention to different culture traits. Many of the toponyms have changed from the colonization time period.

  6. Post-Revolution The whole colored region used to be the USSR, but then was broken up into the Slavic nations and Russia, showing the name change with the power transfer.

  7. Memorial This street is a memorial toponym because it bears the name of an influential Pakistani man in Germany

  8. Commodification • Popular culture has created the need for people to give “brand names” to areas to basically make money • The belief is that the familiarity of the brand name will boost sales, people want to go to a tourist destinations. • McDonald's, Disney World, Starbucks, and Wal-mart outside the USA are all examples of Commodification

  9. Commodification- Disney World USA Disney world is shown here in its idealistic form, the castle and full of excited happy tourists.

  10. Commodification- Disney World Paris No real difference lies between that of Disney world in Paris and USA, this shows an important aspect of commodification: Stereotyping.

  11. How do languages diffuse? • No one knows how exactly languages diffused, but many people trace it from one of the 3 language hearths to Europe.

  12. How do languages diffuse? • 3 Hearths • Anatolian • Fertile crescent- Eastern and Western Arcs Anatolian Fertile crescent

  13. What started it all? • The language family that has the most broad range of speakers is the Proto-Indo-European Language

  14. What started it all? • The divergence of languages can be attributed to sound shifts, Slight changes in the pronunciation of words that can, over time, cause them to create entirely new languages.

  15. How did they actually diffuse? • There are several theories on how the languages actually diffused. • Conquest theory • Dispersal Hypothesis • Agricultural

  16. Conquest theory • First speakers of the P-I-E language spread from their hearth, spreading their language to the people they overtook

  17. Dispersal hypothesis • The P-I-E language was carried from its hearth to SW Asia, Caspian Sea, then across south eastern Russia to Southern Europe.

  18. Agricultural Hypothesis • The P-I-E language diffused westward through Europe along with farming/

  19. What are some other main languages of Europe? • The major language sub-families are Romance , Germanic, and Slavic

  20. Romance Languages • Languages of the Old Roman empire

  21. Germanic • Are mostly around the outskirts of the roman empire. • English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish are all examples.

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