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Chapter 12 To Parent or Not to Parent. Fertility Trends in the United Sates The Decision to Parent or Not to parent Three Emerging Options Preventing Pregnancy: History and Issues. Chapter 12 To Parent or Not to Parent. Pregnancy Outside Marriage Abortion
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Chapter 12To Parent or Not to Parent • Fertility Trends in the United Sates • The Decision to Parent or Not to parent • Three Emerging Options • Preventing Pregnancy: History and Issues
Chapter 12To Parent or Not to Parent • Pregnancy Outside Marriage • Abortion • Involuntary Infertility and Reproductive Technology • Adoption • Deciding to Relinquish a Baby
Children’s Value to Parents • Give their parents lives meaning and are associated with having a close family unit. • Emotional significance has increased as their economic value has declined. • Potential means of support when parents are unable to care for themselves. • Add liveliness to a household.
Costs of Having Children • Cost of raising a child born in 2000 to the age of 18, including college - $165,630. • Parents forego income and investment when they raise their children. • Parents work additional hours and have less leisure time.
Three Emerging Options • Choosing to remain childless • Postponing parenthood • Having a one-child family
Pregnancy Outside Marriage • 40% of total births to unmarried women in 1999 were to white mothers. • In 2000, 69% of African American births, 43% of Hispanic births, and 22% of non-Hispanic white births occurred outside marriage.
Teen Pregnancy • In 2,000, 12% of all births were to teen mothers. • 79% of teen births occur outside of marriage. • Teen birth rate is half of what it was at peak in 1957.
Adoption • There is no federal agency that collects data for adoption statistics. • About 2% of 2 parent families contain adopted children.