Workshop on Quality Assurance and GMP of Multisource HIV /AIDS medicines

1. János Pogány, pharmacist, PhD, consultant to WHO Shanghai, 01 March 2005 E-mail: pogany@axelero.hu Workshop on Quality Assurance and GMP of Multisource HIV/AIDSmedicines Stability Studies A brief overview Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

2. Subjects for Discussion • Definitions • Planning stability studies and reporting results • Stability testing of APIs • Stability testing of FPPs • Evaluation of stability results • Conclusions Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

3. DEFINITIONS Re-test date The date after which samples of the API should be examined to ensure that the materialis still in compliance with the specification and thussuitable for use in the manufacture of a given FPP. Re-test period The period of time during which the API is expected to remain within its specification and, therefore, can be used in the manufacture of a given FPP, provided that the API has been stored under the defined conditions. After this period, a batch of API destined for use in the manufacture of a FPP should be re-tested for compliance with the specification and then used immediately. A batch of API can be re-tested multiple times and a different portion of the batch used after each re-test, as long as it continues to comply with the specification. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

4. DEFINITIONS Expiration date (also referred to as expiry date) The date placed on the container label of an API or a FPP designating the time prior to which a batchof the API/FPP is expected to remain within the approved shelf-life specification if stored underdefined conditions, and after which it must not be used. Shelf life (expiration dating period,conformance period) The time period during which an API or a FPP is expected to remain within the approved shelf-lifespecification, provided that it is stored under the conditions defined on the container label. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

5. Planning and Reporting Stability Studies

6. Stability Protocol and Report • Batches tested • General information • Container/closure system • Literature and supporting data • Stability-indicating analytical methods • Testing plan • Test parameters • Test results • Other requirements (post-approval commitments) • Conclusions Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

7. Stability Protocol and Report • The design of the formal stability studies for the FPPshould be based on knowledge of the behaviour and properties of the API and the FPP.High risk and low risk ARVs. • The methodology used during stability studiesshould be described. The test procedures applied to the stability tests on the API/FPPshould be validated or verified, and the accuracy as well as the precision (standard deviations) should be recorded. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

8. Data of API Stability Batches The batches should be representative of the manufacturing process and should be manufactured from different batches of key intermediates. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

9. Data of Capsule/Tablet Stability Batches The batches should be representative of the manufacturing process and should be manufactured from different batches of APIs. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

10. 2.7 Stability TestingWHO Prequalification Project API

11. Stress testing (forced degradation) Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

12. Forced degradation tests • Tovalidate the stability indicating power of the analytical procedures. • To identify stability-affecting factorssuch as ambient temperature, humidity and light and to select packing materials, which protect the FPP against such effects. • To identify potential degradants of the API and assess if they can be formed during manufacture or storage of the FPP. • No standard method, 10-30% degradation, stress factors, conditions and time • Solid state degradation (supporting information) Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

13. Formal (Regulatory) Stability Testing Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

14. A special cabinet for each condition Design, construction, qualification, monitoring Costs of operation including R + D failures Time Do we need new standard conditions? Stability Room Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

15. Stability results • A storage statement should be proposed for the labeling (if applicable), which should be based on the stability evaluation of the API. • A re-test period should be derived from the stability information, and the approved retest date should be displayed on the container label. • An API is considered as stable if it is within the defined/regulatory specifications when stored at 30±2oC and 65±5% RH for 2 years and at 40±2oC and 75±5%RH for 6 months. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

16. 3.11 Stability testing WHO Prequalification Project FPP

17. Potential Instability Issues of FPPs • Loss/increase in concentration of API • Formation of (toxic)degradation products • Modification of anyattribute of functional relevance • Alteration of dissolution time/profile or bioavailability • Decline of microbiological status • Loss of package integrity • Reduction of label quality • Loss of pharmaceutical elegance and patient acceptability Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

18. Increase in concentration of API During stability studies of Artesunate, the assay results were increasing. The hydrolysis may yield artenimol and succinic acid. The latter can justify the increase in assay. The assay method is „stability indicating” but not specific. + Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

19. Stability-indicating quality parameters Stability studies should include testing of those attributes of the FPP that are susceptible to change during storage and are likely to influence quality, safety and/or efficacy.For instance, in case of tablets: ♦ appearance ♦ hardness ♦friability ♦moisture content ♦dissolution time♦degradants ♦ assay ♦microbial purity Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

20. Selection of Batches • At the time of submission data from stability studies should be provided for batches of the same formulationand dosage formin the container closure system proposed for marketing. • Stability data on three primary batches are to be provided. The composition, batch size, batch number and manufacturing date of each of the stability batches should be documented and the certificate of analysis at batch release should be attached. • Where possible, batches of the FPP should be manufactured by using different batches of the API. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

21. Evaluation – Variation, Trend • A systematic approach should be adopted in the presentation and evaluation of the stability information. • Where the data show so little degradation and so little variability that it is apparent from looking at the data that the requested shelf life will be granted, it is normally unnecessary to go through the formal statistical analysis; providing a justification for the omission should be sufficient. • An approach for analysing data on a quantitative attribute that is expected to change with time is to determine the time at which the 95% one-sided confidence limit for the mean curve intersects the (lower) acceptance criterion (95% assay). Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

22. Significant Change of FPPs • A 5% change in assay from its initial value. • Any degradation product exceeding its acceptance criterion. • Failure to meet the acceptance criteria for appearance, physical attributes, and functionality test (e.g., colour, phase separation, hardness). • As appropriate for the dosage form, e.g., failure to meet the acceptance criteria for dissolution for 12 dosage units. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

23. Evaluation – Best Case • Tabulate and plot stability data on all attributes at all storage conditions and evaluate each attribute separately. • No significant change at accelerated conditions within six (6) months. • Long-term data show little orno variabilityand little or no change over time. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

24. Evaluation – Best Case • Accelerated data show little or no variability and little or no change over time. • Statistical analysis is normally unnecessary. • Proposed retest period or shelf life = double of period covered by long-tem data (X) but NMT X + 12 months • A retest period or shelf life granted on the basis of extrapolation should always be verified by additional long-term stability data Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

25. ICH-Q1E Evaluation for Stability Data Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

26. Evaluation – Change with Time • The hypothetical figure in the former slide illustrates that the extrapolated shelf life is 29months (25oC/60%RH) and there is only a 5% chance that this estimate will be high. Such a plot covers assay values from 105% down to 95%. • The majority of degradation processes results in an essentially linear line in this range of the label claim thus the method is generally applicable for the estimation of the expiry date at the studied storage conditions. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

27. Carstensen, J.T. – Drug stability Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

28. Evaluation – Change with Time* The hypothetical figure in the former slide illustrates that the shelf life is 24 months (at a given temperature). There is a 5% chance that this estimate will be high.Such a plot covers potency values from 100% down to 90%. *DRUG STABILITY — Principles and Practices Edited by Jens T. Carstensen and C. T. Rhodes Third edition, revised and expanded (2000) Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New York, Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

29. ICH-Q1E Evaluation for Stability Data Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

30. Evaluation – Change with Time • The hypothetical figuresin the former slides illustrate that the shelf life is 31-32months ( • (25oC/60%RH) and there is only a 5% chance that this estimate will be high. Such a plot covers degradant values from 0.6% up to 1.4%. • For FPPs in semipermeable containers, loss of vehicle can result in an increase in the API concentration. In such cases, the point where the upper 95% confidence bound intersects the 105% assay value will define the conformance period. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

31. Additional or New Stability Data • Modifications affecting one or more steps of thesame route ofsynthesis of an API • Change in the route of synthesis of an API • Change in composition of the FPP • Change in immediate packaging of the FPP Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

32. Main points again • Stability studies should be planned on the basis of pharmaceutical R+D and regulatory requirements. • Forced degradation studies reveal the intrinsic chemical properties of the API, while formal stability studies establish the retest date. • The shelf life (expiry date) of FPPs is derived from formal stability studies. • Variability and time trends of stability data must beevaluated by the manufacturer in order to propose a retest date or expiry date. Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai

33. THANK YOU 谢谢! Dr. Pogány - WHO, Shanghai