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Division 1 Introduction to Advanced Prehospital Care

Division 1 Introduction to Advanced Prehospital Care. Chapter 7 Intravenous Access and Medication Administration Part 1 Principles and Routes of Medication Administration. Topics. Aseptic Technique Medication Administration Routes Medication Package

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Division 1 Introduction to Advanced Prehospital Care

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  1. Division 1Introduction to AdvancedPrehospital Care

  2. Chapter 7Intravenous Access and Medication AdministrationPart 1Principles and Routes of Medication Administration

  3. Topics • Aseptic Technique • Medication Administration Routes • Medication Package • Anatomy and Physiology Related to Medication Administration

  4. Six Rights of Drug Administration • Right person • Right drug • Right dose • Right time • Right route • Right documentation

  5. Knowing all drug administration protocols is essential.

  6. Always take appropriate body substance isolation measures to reduce your risk of exposure during medication administration.

  7. Body substance isolation equipment

  8. Medical Asepsis • It is important to keep the ambulance and all the equipment clean. • Sterile • Free of all forms of life • Medically clean • Involves careful handling to preventcontamination

  9. Treat all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious.

  10. Needle Handling Precautions • Minimize the tasks performed in a moving ambulance. • Immediately dispose of used sharps in a sharps container. • Recap needles only as a last resort.

  11. Medication Administration and Documentation • Record all information concerning the patient and medication including: • Indication for drug administration • Dosage and route delivered • Patient response to the medication • Both positive and negative

  12. Percutaneous drug administration is drugs applied to and absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes.

  13. Transdermal • Absorbed through the skin at a slow, steady rate • Method: • BSI • Clean administration site • Apply medication • Leave medication in place for required time. Monitor the patient for desirable or adverse effects.

  14. Mucous Membranes • Absorbed through the mucous membranes at a moderate to rapid rate

  15. Sublingual Medication Administration Place the pill or direct spray between the underside of the tongue and the floor of the oral cavity.

  16. Place the medication between the patient’s cheek and gum. Buccal Medication Administration

  17. Use a medication dropper to place the prescribed dosage on the conjunctival sac. Eye Drop Administration

  18. Nasal Medication Administration

  19. Manually open the ear canal and administer the appropriate dose. Aural Medication Administration

  20. Pulmonary Drug Administration • Medications are administered into the pulmonary system via inhalation or injection.

  21. Small volume nebulizer

  22. Nebulizer with attached face mask, bag-valve mask, and endotracheal tube

  23. Metered dose inhaler

  24. Endotracheal Tube • Several medications can be administered through an endotracheal tube: • Lidocaine • Epinephrine • Atropine • Naloxone

  25. Enteral Drug Administration • The delivery of any medication that is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract

  26. Gastrointestinal tract

  27. Oral Drug Administration • Any medication taken by mouth and swallowed into the GI tract. • Be sure the patient has an adequate level of consciousness to prevent aspiration.

  28. Capsules Tablets Pills Enteric coated/time releasecapsules andtablets Elixirs Emulsions Lozenges Suspensions Syrups Oral Drug Forms

  29. Soufflé cup Medicine cup Medicine dropper Teaspoon Oral syringe Nipple Equipment forOral Administration

  30. General Principles of Oral Administration • Use appropriate BSI measures. • Note whether to administer medication with food or on empty stomach. • Gather any necessary equipment. • Have patient sit upright when not contraindicated. • Place the medication into your patient’s mouth. Allow self-administration; assist when needed. • Follow administration with 4-8 ounces of water and ensure that patient has swallowed the medication.

  31. Gastric Tube Administration • Gastric tubes provide access directly to the GI system.

  32. Confirm proper tube placement.

  33. Withdraw the plunger while observing for the presence of gastric fluid or contents.

  34. Instill the medication into the gastric tube.

  35. Gently inject the saline.

  36. Clamp off the distal tube.

  37. Rectal Administration • The rectum’s extreme vascularity promotes rapid drug absorption. • Medications do not travel through the liver, and are not subject to hepatic alteration.

  38. Catheter placement on needleless syringe

  39. Syringe attached to endotracheal tube

  40. Prepackaged enema container

  41. Parenteral Drug Administration • Drug administration outside of the gastrointestinal tract

  42. Syringes and Needles Syringe Hypodermicneedle

  43. Kinds of Parenteral Drug Containers • Glass ampules • Single and multidose vials • Nonconstituted syringes • Prefilled syringes • Intravenous medication fluids

  44. Ampules and Vials Vials Ampules

  45. Information on Drug Labels • Name of medication • Expiration date • Total dose and concentration

  46. Obtaining Medication from a Glass Ampule

  47. Hold the ampule upright and tap its top to dislodge any trapped solution.

  48. Place gauze around the thin neck…

  49. …and snap it off with your thumb.

  50. Draw up the medication.

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