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Corporate Ownership of Media

Corporate Ownership of Media. Media Monopolies. 50 corporations owned more than half of all media businesses in 1982 By 1993, it was 20 Now it’s 6. General Electric (NBC, Telemundo, Universal, Bravo +) News Corp (Fox, Fox Searchlight, newspapers, Wall St. Journal+)

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Corporate Ownership of Media

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  1. Corporate Ownership of Media

  2. Media Monopolies • 50 corporations owned more than half of all media businesses in 1982 • By 1993, it was 20 • Now it’s 6

  3. General Electric (NBC, Telemundo, Universal, Bravo +) • News Corp (Fox, Fox Searchlight, newspapers, Wall St. Journal+) • Viacom (Paramount, BET, MTV, CBS, Noggin, Spike, Comedy Central, Nickelodeon +) • Sony (BMG, film studios, electronics, European media+) • Time Warner (Warner Bros., CNN, People, AOL, CW, Braves, CNN, publishing. cable+) • Disney (ABC, Touchstone, ESPN, radio, music, publishing+)

  4. Corporations own a variety of media outlets • TV, radio, movies, books, magazines newspapers, Internet

  5. Who owns what? http://www.cjr.org/owners/

  6. Synergy • Horizontal integration (monopoly) • Corporations cross-promote products • GMA at Disney World (news?) • Leno favors NBC guests • Time magazine features Benjamin Franklin • Local news promotes network shows

  7. Conflicts of Interest? • General Electric owns NBC • What does GE produce? • Disney owns ABC • How does ABC cover Disney? • How does Time-Warner cover its many interests?

  8. Batman Synergy Average American heard 42 mentions by time film opened

  9. Divine secrets of Ya Ya synergy • 2002 Time-Warner-AOL film Divine Secrets of the Ya Ya Sisterhood • Location of plot-driving interview changed from New York Times to Time magazine

  10. HBO showed 28 Days almost daily • Sometimes followed by HBO Behind the Scenes: The Ya Ya Sisterhood

  11. BUT . . . • Time magazine gave the film a mediocre review • Media synergy doesn't influence all content • Not yet . . .

  12. Gov controls on media • Airwaves belong to the public • Radio/TV used to be bound by "public service" requirements • 1996 Telecom Act Reduced limits on media consolidation • Promised more choice, lower prices

  13. June 2, 2003 FCC Regulations Relaxed • Newspaper/Broadcast Cross-Ownership • National Broadcast Ownership Cap • Local Radio Ownership Rule. Duopoly Rule Maintained • Dual Network Rule

  14. Critics of consolidation • Mergers limit number of independent voices in media • Limits free exchange of ideas • Facilitates censorship • Profit imperative, rather than quality, determines programming

  15. Corporations control culture industries • This “drags standards down” • Leads to more “trash”

  16. Robert McChesney • Monopolies non-competitive • They “hypercommercialize content without fear of competitive retribution” • Radio = 18 min. ads per hour • Advertising “leverage” squeezes our smaller outlets

  17. Clear Channel “no play” list after 9/11 • Sinclair Broadcasting • Refused to run Nightline episode • Planned to run Anti-Kerry film • Control of numerous outlets leads to greater public impact

  18. Censorship • Rupert Murdoch's (News Corp.) HarperCollins cancelled publication of book by former British Gov. of Hong Kong • Self-censorship an even greater concern

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