AWD ALLIANCE / DECD STEM Program – Science Technology Engineering Mathematics

1. Educational material related to the Hobart Class DDGs ( Air Warfare Destroyers ) built at Techport, Adelaide South Australia AWD ALLIANCE / DECD STEM Program – Science Technology Engineering Mathematics Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

2. The Maritime School of South Australia ALLIANCE / DECD STEM Program – Science Technology Engineering Mathematics Author / Developer :Thierry Herman Mathematics and Maritime Science Teacher - Le Fevre High School The Maritime School of South Australia AWD Personnel - Contributors / Advisors : Alliance Michael Clements – Platform Systems Activation Nigel Agars – ILS ( Integrated Logistics Support )  Principal Mark Eglinton – Project Manager - transportation Matt Sinnett – Jones – Sonar Paul Shinks – Sonar Tom Robinson – Ship Production David Gonzales- Propulsion Ronnie Watt - Sonar Nick Fletcher – ISS Lead system engineer Craig Schwartz - Sonar Ruben Spyker – Technical Director Mike Lorenzo - Training Anna Jackson – AWD Communications Manager CoA CAPT Shane Casboult – Trails and Acceptance ( Engineering) CAPT James Nash – Ballistics Roger Duffield – Construction Design Acceptance ( Engineering )   LEUT Peter Shirley – Top side Lead Engineer – Radar Lee Rigano – FMS ( Foreign Military Sales ) Manager Terry Foster - Staff Officer - Projects Tracey Guest – Administration  Coordinator Terri George -  Business Support Officer (HR)

3. MISSIONS Theme Mathematics Physics VET Science / Chem HULL Year 8 Hull volume calculations Year 10 Why does it Float ? Year 11 Hull protection Electrochem. CERT II Welding Techniques PROPULSION SYSTEMS Year 9 Propeller Geometry Year 11 / 12 How Fast does it turn ? Year 11 /12 Which metal for which use ? CERT I Pitch RADAR COMMUNICATIONS Year 10 / 11 Quadratics Applications Year 11 What is a focal point ? Year 9 Microwaves Energy Transfer CERT III Building a Parabolic BBQ BALLISTICS / RAS Replenishment At Sea Year 10 Total Surface Area of Propellant Year 12 Parabolic Trajectories Year 10 Propellant Combustion CERT II Machining Tolerances

4. Subject Topic Year level Theme HULL Mathematics Measurement & Volume Year 8 ACARA / SACE / VET Reference : ACMMG 198 Develop the formulas for volumes of rectangular and triangular prisms and prisms in general. Use formulas to solve problems involving volume (ACMMG198) investigating the relationship between volumes of rectangular and triangular prisms Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

5. Description of Unit : This unit is related to the geometry of ship hulls and in particular to the calculation of the volume of prismatic solids. This unit will enable students to calculate the immersed volume of simplified ship hulls and therefore, the displacement of a ship. A ship hull can be modelled and broken down into three parts : Front ( Prow ): Triangular prism, Mid-ship : Rectangular prism Rear ( Stern ) : Trapezoidal Prism Each of these volumes are calculated separately and added together to find the overall volume.

6. UNIT : ( To access Hyperlinks, left click on them) Prior knowledge : See Prismatic Volumes Calculator for calculating the surface of a Triangle Calculator for calculating the surface of a Rectangle Calculator for calculating the surface of a Trapezium Example :Calculations for the volume of prisms ( Video ) STUDENT RESOURCE :Worksheet on the calculation of the immersed volume of AWD hull

7. RELATED TOPICS : ( HULL ) PHYSICS tab : Archimedes Principle ( Why does it float ? ) CHEMISTRY tab : Hull Protection and Electrochemistry VET tab : Welding techniques AWD Alliance Resources : AWD Home Page

8. EXTENSION / POSSIBLE RESEARCH TOPICS • You might want to investigate : • Platonic Solids • Who developed the first understanding of how to calculate volumes ? • Check out the volume in cubic metres of the Great Pyramid. How was it calculated ? • What is Calculus and how is it related to the calculation of volumes ? • ( even if you are in year 8, you can get the basic facts about calculus and understand its application regarding the calculation of volumes without going into too many details ).

9. OTHER INTERESTING WEB SITES • Archimedean Solids • Archimedes and his work

10. Click on the red button to go back to main menu. Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

11. Subject Topic Year level Theme HULL Physics Archimedes Principle Year 10 ACARA / SACE / VET Reference : ACSSU229 The motion of objects can be described and predicted using the laws of physics (ACSSU229) Recognising that a stationary object, or a moving object with constant motion, has balanced forces acting on it Recognising and applying Newton’s Third Law to describe the effect of interactions between two objects Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

12. Description of Unit : This unit is related to Archimedes Principle as well as the third law of Newton applied in the Maritime world and in particular to ships and submarines. This unit will enable students to investigate the properties of Buoyancy and do calculations relating to displacement and density.

13. UNIT : ( To access Hyperlinks, left click on them) Prior knowledge : See Archimedes Principle Prismatic Volumes Calculator for calculating the base area of a Prism Calculations for the volume of Cylinder ( Video ) Calculations for the volume of Spheres STUDENT RESOURCE :Practical activity on Archimedes Principle

14. RELATED TOPICS : ( HULL ) MATHS tab : Volumes and Measurement CHEMISTRY tab : Hull Protection and Electrochemistry VET tab : Welding techniques AWD Alliance Resources : AWD Home Page

15. EXTENSION / POSSIBLE RESEARCH TOPICS • You might want to investigate : • Archimedes the Man and the Scientist • The story of Archimedes, the Crown and the King • The buoyancy of super-tankers and container ships • Who invented the first submarine ? • Can you use Archimedes principle to explain why a hot air balloon can fly ? • Who invented the first hot air balloon ?

16. OTHER INTERESTING WEB SITES • Buoyancy and submarines • Make a working submarine ! ( Cartesian Diver ) • Do eggs float ? • Why do things float ? • Plimsoll line

17. Click on the red button to go back to main menu. Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

18. Subject Topic Year level Theme HULL Chemistry Hull Protection Year 11 ACARA / SACE / VET Reference : ELECTRO - CHEMISTRY Students investigate Redox reactions and predict the out come of a reaction ( wether the reaction takes place and if so, the products of the reaction ) , when metals and ions are in contact in aqueous phase. They do this by using the Redox Potential table. Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

19. Description of Unit : This unit is related to the Redox Potential and the passive and active protection of metal in an oxidising environment. This unit will enable students to apply their knowledge of electrochemistry to investigate the ways to protect the steel hull of a ship, in particular the hull of the AWD.

20. UNIT : ( To access Hyperlinks, left click on them) Prior knowledge : See What is an Oxidant ? What is a Reductor ? Anodic protection of Metals STUDENT RESOURCE :Practical activity : how to chemically engrave a copper object

21. RELATED TOPICS : ( HULL ) MATHS tab : Volumes and Measurement PHYSICS tab : Hull buoyancy and Archimedes Principle VET tab : Welding techniques AWD Alliance Resources : AWD Home Page

22. EXTENSION / POSSIBLE RESEARCH TOPICS • You might want to investigate : • The zinc anodes used on the AWD are part of what is called passive protection. • Investigate wether it is possible to “actively” protect steel. • Application of electrochemistry to the production of circuit boards in electronics • Does the keel of a ship rust faster than the water line ? • The answer is counterintuitive and is worth investigating.

23. OTHER INTERESTING WEB SITES • A violent Redox reaction : Alumino-thermie. Redox reactions in Biochemistry

24. Click on the red button to go back to main menu. Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

25. Subject Topic Year level Theme HULL VET Welding Techniques Cert II ACARA / SACE / VET Reference : Specific welding techniques must be used for specific metals. UNIT UNDER CONSTRUCTION Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

26. Description of Unit : This unit is related to the different techniques used to weld specific metals

27. UNIT : ( To access Hyperlinks, left click on them) Prior knowledge : See STUDENT RESOURCE :

28. RELATED TOPICS : ( HULL ) MATHS tab : Volumes and Measurement PHYSICS tab : Why does it float ? CHEMISTRY tab : Hull Protection AWD Alliance Resources : AWD Home Page

29. EXTENSION / POSSIBLE RESEARCH TOPICS • You might want to investigate : • How are aluminium boats and ships welded ? • Who developed the first arc welder ?

30. OTHER INTERESTING WEB SITES

31. Click on the red button to go back to main menu. Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

32. Subject Topic Year level Theme Propulsion Systems Mathematics Propeller Geometry Year 9 and up ACARA / SACE / VET Reference : ACMMG 196, ACMNA 208, ACSSU 229 • Find Perimeters of circles • Solve problems involving direct proportion • The motion of objects can be described and predicted by • using the laws of physics. Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

33. Description of Unit : This unit is related to the geometry of circles. This unit will enable students to calculate the perimeter of circles, find the distance covered by certain points of the propeller, study what RPM means, calculate the linear speed of specific points of the propeller and finally, students will be offered templates to build their own propeller out of balsa wood or equivalent material.

34. UNIT : ( To access Hyperlinks, left click on them) Prior knowledge : See How to calculate the perimeter of a circle What does RPM mean ? How Propeller master shapes are made for making moulds Car tachometer ( RPM meter ) in action STUDENT RESOURCE :Worksheet on the geometry of propellers and propeller making

35. RELATED TOPICS : ( HULL ) PHYSICS tab : How fast does it turn ? CHEMISTRY tab : Which metal for which use ? VET tab : Pitch of a screw AWD Alliance Resources : AWD Home Page

36. EXTENSION / POSSIBLE RESEARCH TOPICS • You might want to investigate : • Where does the word tachometer come from ? Who developed the first tachometer ? • Try to find RPMs of common objects : Blades in a food processor, your bicycle wheel, a car wheel, electric drill, etc ... • Who invented the first marine propeller ? ( they were called screws at the time ) • Who invented the first aircraft propeller ? • What is an impeller and what is the difference with a propeller ? • In what kind of propulsion systems are they used ?

37. OTHER INTERESTING WEB SITES • Rotary Engines • James May Rotary blades ( Mini Helicopter )

38. Click on the red button to go back to main menu. Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

39. Subject Topic Year level Theme PROPULSION SYSTEM Physics Rotational Speed Year 11 / 12 ACARA / SACE / VET Reference : CIRCULAR MOTION Properties of circular motion. Relationship between Rotational and Linear speed. Rotational ( centrifuge ) acceleration. Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

40. Description of Unit : This unit is related to the geometry of propellers and to the rotational and linear speeds of a point of the propeller. ( tip of a blade ) This unit will enable students to explore the relationship between the rotational speed of a propeller in RPMs ( Revolutions Per Minute ) and in Radiantper second. It will then be possible, knowing the diameter of a propeller of the AWD to calculate the linear speed of the tip of a blade. This in turn relates to cavitation. A video will show at which point a propeller starts to cavitate.

41. UNIT : ( To access Hyperlinks, left click on them) Prior knowledge : See RPMs and Radiant per second Linear speed of rotation Experiment : 100 000 RPM with an electric motor Rotational acceleration Cavitation Cavitation Video STUDENT RESOURCE : > Practical on RPMs and Centripetal force

42. RELATED TOPICS : ( HULL ) PHYSICS tab : Archimedes Principle CHEMISTRY tab : Electrochemistry VET tab : Welding techniques AWD Alliance Resources: AWD Home Page

43. EXTENSION / POSSIBLE RESEARCH TOPICS • You might want to investigate : • The different kinds of cavitation • Does the cavitation threshold change the operating depth of a propeller • ( in submarines for instance ) • Designs to limit cavitation • Investigate what Electro – hydrodynamic Propulsion Systems are • ( do they already exist ? Check out their application in aeronautics )

44. OTHER INTERESTING WEB SITES • Hydroplanes • The first propeller

45. Click on the red button to go back to main menu. Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

46. Subject Topic Year level Theme PROPULSION SYSTEM Chemistry Metals and Alloys Year 11/12 ACARA / SACE / VET Reference : Metals and their properties This unit relates to metallurgy and in particular to the properties of alloys used to make marine propellers. Le Fevre High School - The Maritime School of South Australia

47. Description of Unit : This unit is related to the properties of metals and their application in the Maritime world and in particular for the manufacture of marine propellers.

48. UNIT : ( To access Hyperlinks, left click on them) Prior knowledge : See What are metals and alloys ? Which alloy / metal for which applications ? Casting of metal objects. Video STUDENT RESOURCE :Worksheet on metals and alloys

49. RELATED TOPICS : ( HULL ) MATHS tab : Propeller Geometry PHYSICS tab : How fast does it turn ? VET tab : Pitch of a screw ADW Alliance Resources : AWD Home Page

50. EXTENSION / POSSIBLE RESEARCH TOPICS • You might want to investigate : • The different alloys used in the maritime world • Alloys used in Navy helicopters and aircrafts in general • Is carbon fibre a viable alternative ?