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High Priority Climate Change Adaptation Practices in Turkmenistan

High Priority Climate Change Adaptation Practices in Turkmenistan. Brussels April 2014.

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High Priority Climate Change Adaptation Practices in Turkmenistan

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  1. High Priority Climate Change Adaptation Practices in Turkmenistan Brussels April 2014

  2. Decree of the President of Turkmenistan dated June 15, 2012 , Ref. №12366 approvedNational Strategy of Turkmenistan on Climate ChangeMain Chapters of this document are the following: Climate Change Mitigation Mainstreams and Sectors and Climate Change Adaptation Mainstreams and Sectors Climate change mainstreams and sectors are related to those sectors contributing in greenhouse gas emissions significantly.

  3. Water Resources Practice 1. Improvement of Transboundary Water Resources Management Dam construction project for the Dostluk hydraulic power plant on the transboundaryTejen River is being completed jointly with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The project solves the flood prevention, flows accumulation and power generation issues. Three major technical projects on improvement of transboundary waters management are in progress.Two projects are to increase the accumulated water with the higher consumption rate of Amudarya water. The third project allows water drainage from the left bank of Amudarya and solve the problems associated with operation of the transboundaryOzernyi collector.

  4. Water Resources Practice 2. Increased water recourses consumption efficiency Several projects on complex reconstruction of irrigation systems and increase of their technical level have been approved and are implemented on annual base. Complex projects provide different options with various actions taken as follows: - Optimization of the designed state of collection and irrigation network; - Increase of specific extension of drainage; - Concrete blanket installation; - Building the micro-irrigation systems (drop and sprinkler and overhead irrigation); - Building or reconstruction of regulating facilities; - Layout and permanent flushing; - Change of the organizational structure

  5. Water Resources Practice 3. Development of native waters Construction of small reservoirs in mountanious and submontane areas for interception and impoundment of water from small and mudflow channels (three projects are being completed and the fourth project is under implementation in Turkmenistan). Construction of small and ultra small (regulated daily rate) intrasystemwater reservoirs to reduce irrigation water operation losses with the help of additional control capacitor (currently one of such small water reservoirs is under construction in DashoguzVelayat on the North of the country).

  6. Agriculture Practice 1. Informational and Educational Activities Designed for Farmers Educational components were presented in the donor support projects (field farmer’s school, Farmer to Farmer Program, Trainings dedicated to water and land resources management). Unfortunately, no sustainable continuation was established so far. Important role of education is very high because any adaptive practices offered in agricultural sector are to be implemented by the farmers themselves or based on their consent or with their involvement. Success, sustainability and range of implementation depend mostly on knowledge about the practices, approaches and on possibility to implement the practices. Efficiency of this practice may be extremely high due to range effect, i.e. the more farmers get right information about specific adaptive practice the higher percentage of people make reasonable and reliable decisions about the implementation based on understanding of their own benefits.

  7. Agriculture Practice 2. Development of financial support of agriculture It is important to develop the mechanisms for financial support of some participants of the agricultural sector and only of those who implement the adaptive practices. Therefore, financial support of producers using water resources ineffectively or not following the pasture use procedures (pasture rotation) is absolutely useless and harmful practice. The existing practice of farmers financial support is focused at production volumes increase and domestic market saturation. The mechanisms stimulating the efficient water resources use and increasing efficiency are still not being applied. This practice has a high potency for adapting the agriculture to the climate changes!

  8. Agriculture Practice 3. Introducing the biological methods of plants protection against the insects and invaders Importanceof this practice is defined by a risk of increased insect epidemics caused by coincidence of biological development phases and climatic cycles. All comparisons of chemical and biological plants protection methods prove the effectiveness of the latter approach. Control over the insect epidemics through using their natural enemies protects not only the farming areas but also adjacent natural landscape. In addition, this practice prevents from the environmental pollution caused by complex chemical products emissions.

  9. Forestry, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Practice 1. Afforestation (foothills) Turkmenistan launched the implementation of the most efficient and effective adaptive practices in forestry sector. For this purpose a specialized agency – GokGushak (Green zone) was established. During this period artificialreafforestration was undertaken at thousands of hectares including high-slope areas.

  10. Forestry, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Practice 1. Afforestration(mountains)

  11. Forestry, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Practice 1. Afforestration(wild nards on hills)

  12. Forestry, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Practice 1. Afforestration(steppes and sands)

  13. Forestry, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Practice 2. Sand stabilization Due to implementation of big-scale infrastructure projects (construction of railways and roads, reservoir systems to collect all drainage flows into the AltynKol Lake) the sand stabilization works were completed.The projects cover thousands of hectares. Turkmenistan has a broad experience in scientific studies and justifications for implementing this adaptive practice that used to be of high priority in the course of construction of continually moving and fixed sites in deserts.

  14. Forestry, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Practice 3. Outright ban of hunting in new migrating waterbirds feeding zones Significance of this practice is defined based on necessity to fulfill the international liabilities by Turkmenistan in environmental sector in order to reduce the risk of contact of people with wildfowls that might be transboundary carriers of bird flue.

  15. Healthcare Practice 1. Technical support of efforts on developing the health risk related sensitivity assessment and monitoring skills Adaptive practices and strategies recommended by the WHO adopted on the state level are being implemented on the scheduled and practical basis The WHO with the technical assistance of the WHO ERB has developed and implemented the 2008-2010 National Strategic Malarial Fever Elimination Plan. Due to active collaboration Turkmenistan was included in a list of malaria-free states on October 19, 2010.

  16. Healthcare Practice 2. Immunprohylaxis of population based on forecasted growth of a range of infectious diseases The first national immunization campaign was started in November, 2007 with the support of the Ministry of Healthcare and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan and in close cooperation with the Ministry of Education and with financial and technical support of the European Regional Bureau of the HO, UNISEF and the US Center of Disease Control. Since that the immunization programs are carried out by the Healthcare Agencies of Turkmenistan on annual base.

  17. Healthcare Practice 3. Increase of the public awareness level Importance of this practice is defined based on the fact that the most of diseases is caused by insufficient hygiene of people and lack of understanding of causes being connected to clime change. Health lesson at the school

  18. Natural Disasters Practice 1. Establishment and strengthening of advance warning systems

  19. Natural Disasters Practice 2. Infroming the population about the emergency procedures and rules and trainings

  20. Food Safety Practice 1. Development of Training and Skills Improvement Training System Food safety of Turkmenistan is the state of the economy ensuring the food sovereigntyand guaranteeing physical and economic accessibility of the products meeting the national standard requirements, sanitary norms and rules in the volumes not less than efficient food consumption norms required for and providing active and healthy lifestyle, to every citizen of the state.

  21. Food Safety Practice 2. Improvement of credit support system to ensure accessibility of short-term and investment loans to the producers

  22. Housing and Utilities Infrastructure Practice 1. Reconstruciton of water, heat, power and gas supply systems Practice 2. Application of modern window structures ensuring low heat loss and high dustproof qualities Main climate change consequences for the housing and utilities infrastructure of Turkmenistan are the following: - Increased risk of fault of engineering communications during extremely cold winter seasons (early destruction of roadways and reinforced concrete structures, defrosting systems for heat and gas supply and sewage systems, break of pipes and overhead lines etc.); - frost-killing the plants within the inhabited localities resulting in increased average daily temperature in nearby areas and increased dust content in the air; - Energy consumption increase (heat in winter and power in winter and summer) – all that result in additional financial costs and increased emissions of greenhouse gas; - Increased road accidents due to reduced attention of the drivers in case of extremely high temperatures in hot period and due to icing of the roads in winter period.

  23. Practice 3. Construction of buildings with increased outwall heat insulation systems

  24. Thank you for your attention! Please contact us at the following address: ngo_ynanch-vepa@mail.ru

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